director_mail_servers setting uses IP Adresses as values https://doc.dovecot.org/settings/core/#core_setting-director_mail_servers

As described in the documentation, hostnames are converted to addresses when the configuration is read https://doc.dovecot.org/settings/types/#ip-addresses

This is acceptable in host or virtual machine environment, but becomes a problem in a containerized environment. When any backend container is restarted, its address will change and users related to this backend can no longer connect, but backend (available with new IP address) can process request

for example,

director_mail_servers = dovecot-1 dovecot-2 dovecot-3

becomes in runtime (with one successfully connectetd user foo@example.com)

doveadm director status

mail server ip  tag     vhosts  state   state changed   users

10.0.71.3               100     up      -       0

10.0.71.4               100     up      -       1

10.0.71.5               100     up      -       0

where

dovecot-1 10.0.71.3, dovecot-2 10.0.71.4, dovecot-3 10.0.71.5

When dovevecot-2 backend container restarts, and becomes new IP address, user can't connect to related backend:

imap-login: Info: proxy(foo@example.com,10.0.71.4:143): Started proxying to <10.0.71.4> (<dovecot-2>) (0.009 secs)

imap-login: Error: proxy(foo@example.com,10.0.71.4:143): connect(10.0.71.4, 143) failed: No route to host (after 28 secs, 3 reconnects, local=10.0.71.13:41066)

My suggestion to developers:

resolve backend hostnames to IP address on every request to director_mail_servers

It's not about dovemon service with active health checks from dovecot pro, just dynamic hostname resolve