Here's a few tips:
- I assume that's a 2U format -24 bays. You only have 1 raid card for all 24 disks ? Granted you only have 16, but usually you should assign 1 card per 8 drives. In our standard 2U chassis we have 3 hba's per 8 drives. Your backplane should support that.
- Add more drives
- Get a pci nvme ssd card and move the indexes/control/sieve files there.
On Monday, 07/09/2020 at 08:16 Miloslav Hůla wrote:
Dne 07.09.2020 v 12:43 Sami Ketola napsal(a):
On 7. Sep 2020, at 12.38, Miloslav Hůla wrote:
Hello,
I sent this into the Linux Kernel Btrfs mailing list and I got reply: "RAID-1 would be preferable" (https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/7b364356-7041-7d18-bd77-f60e0e2e2112@lec...). May I ask you for the comments as from people around the Dovecot?
We are using btrfs RAID-10 (/data, 4.7TB) on a physical Supermicro server with Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz and 125GB of RAM. We run 'btrfs scrub start -B -d /data' every Sunday as a cron task. It takes about 50 minutes to finish.
# uname -a Linux imap 4.9.0-12-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.210-1 (2020-01-20) x86_64 GNU/Linux
RAID is a composition of 16 harddrives. Harddrives are connected via AVAGO MegaRAID SAS 9361-8i as a RAID-0 devices. All harddrives are SAS 2.5" 15k drives.
Server serves as a IMAP with Dovecot 2.2.27-3+deb9u6, 4104 accounts, Mailbox format, LMTP delivery.
does "Mailbox format" mean mbox?
If so, then there is your bottleneck. mbox is the slowest possible mailbox format there is.
Sami
Sorry, no, it is a typo. We are using "Maildir".
"doveconf -a" attached
Milo
# 2.2.27 (c0f36b0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # Pigeonhole version 0.4.16 (fed8554) # OS: Linux 4.9.0-12-amd64 x86_64 Debian 9.13 # NOTE: Send doveconf -n output instead when asking for help. auth_anonymous_username = anonymous auth_cache_negative_ttl = 30 secs auth_cache_size = 100 M auth_cache_ttl = 30 secs auth_debug = no auth_debug_passwords = no auth_default_realm = auth_failure_delay = 2 secs auth_gssapi_hostname = auth_krb5_keytab = auth_master_user_separator = auth_mechanisms = plain auth_policy_hash_mech = sha256 auth_policy_hash_nonce = auth_policy_hash_truncate = 12 auth_policy_reject_on_fail = no auth_policy_request_attributes = login=%{orig_username} pwhash=%{hashed_password} remote=%{real_rip} auth_policy_server_api_header = auth_policy_server_timeout_msecs = 2000 auth_policy_server_url = auth_proxy_self = auth_realms = auth_socket_path = auth-userdb auth_ssl_require_client_cert = no auth_ssl_username_from_cert = no auth_stats = no auth_use_winbind = no auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@ auth_username_format = %Lu auth_username_translation = auth_verbose = no auth_verbose_passwords = no auth_winbind_helper_path = /usr/bin/ntlm_auth auth_worker_max_count = 30 base_dir = /var/run/dovecot config_cache_size = 1 M debug_log_path = default_client_limit = 1000 default_idle_kill = 1 mins default_internal_user = dovecot default_login_user = dovenull default_process_limit = 100 default_vsz_limit = 256 M deliver_log_format = msgid=%m: %$ dict_db_config = director_consistent_hashing = no director_doveadm_port = 0 director_flush_socket = director_mail_servers = director_servers = director_user_expire = 15 mins director_user_kick_delay = 2 secs director_username_hash = %u disable_plaintext_auth = yes dotlock_use_excl = yes doveadm_allowed_commands = doveadm_api_key = doveadm_password = doveadm_port = 0 doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server doveadm_username = doveadm doveadm_worker_count = 0 dsync_alt_char = _ dsync_features = dsync_remote_cmd = ssh -l%{login} %{host} doveadm dsync-server -u%u -U first_valid_gid = 1 first_valid_uid = 109 haproxy_timeout = 3 secs haproxy_trusted_networks = hostname = imap_capability = imap_client_workarounds = imap_hibernate_timeout = 0 imap_id_log = * imap_id_send = name * imap_idle_notify_interval = 2 mins imap_logout_format = in=%i out=%o imap_max_line_length = 64 k imap_metadata = no imap_urlauth_host = imap_urlauth_logout_format = in=%i out=%o imap_urlauth_port = 143 imapc_cmd_timeout = 5 mins imapc_features = imapc_host = imapc_list_prefix = imapc_master_user = imapc_max_idle_time = 29 mins imapc_max_line_length = 0 imapc_password = imapc_port = 143 imapc_rawlog_dir = imapc_sasl_mechanisms = imapc_ssl = no imapc_ssl_verify = yes imapc_user = import_environment = TZ CORE_OUTOFMEM CORE_ERROR LISTEN_PID LISTEN_FDS info_log_path = instance_name = dovecot last_valid_gid = 0 last_valid_uid = 0 lda_mailbox_autocreate = no lda_mailbox_autosubscribe = no lda_original_recipient_header = libexec_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot listen = *, :: lmtp_address_translate = lmtp_hdr_delivery_address = final lmtp_proxy = no lmtp_rcpt_check_quota = no lmtp_save_to_detail_mailbox = no lmtp_user_concurrency_limit = 0 lock_method = fcntl log_path = syslog log_timestamp = "%b %d %H:%M:%S " login_access_sockets = login_greeting = Dovecot ready. login_log_format = %$: %s login_log_format_elements = user= method=%m rip=%r lip=%l mpid=%e %c session= login_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/login login_plugins = login_proxy_max_disconnect_delay = 0 login_source_ips = login_trusted_networks = mail_access_groups = mail_always_cache_fields = mail_attachment_dir = mail_attachment_fs = sis posix mail_attachment_hash = %{sha1} mail_attachment_min_size = 128 k mail_attribute_dict = mail_cache_fields = flags mail_cache_min_mail_count = 0 mail_chroot = mail_debug = no mail_fsync = optimized mail_full_filesystem_access = no mail_gid = vmail mail_home = /data/vmail/user/%n mail_location = maildir:/data/vmail/user/%n/Maildir mail_log_prefix = "%s(%u): " mail_max_keyword_length = 50 mail_max_lock_timeout = 0 mail_max_userip_connections = 10 mail_never_cache_fields = imap.envelope mail_nfs_index = no mail_nfs_storage = no mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules mail_plugins = mail_prefetch_count = 0 mail_privileged_group = mail_save_crlf = yes mail_server_admin = mail_server_comment = mail_shared_explicit_inbox = no mail_temp_dir = /tmp mail_temp_scan_interval = 1 weeks mail_uid = vmail mailbox_idle_check_interval = 30 secs mailbox_list_index = no mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs = no maildir_broken_filename_sizes = no maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes maildir_empty_new = no maildir_stat_dirs = no maildir_very_dirty_syncs = no managesieve_client_workarounds = managesieve_implementation_string = Dovecot Pigeonhole managesieve_logout_format = bytes=%i/%o managesieve_max_compile_errors = 5 managesieve_max_line_length = 65536 managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date index ihave duplicate mime foreverypart extracttext vacation-seconds imapflags notify master_user_separator = mbox_dirty_syncs = yes mbox_dotlock_change_timeout = 2 mins mbox_lazy_writes = yes mbox_lock_timeout = 5 mins mbox_md5 = apop3d mbox_min_index_size = 0 mbox_read_locks = fcntl mbox_very_dirty_syncs = no mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock mdbox_preallocate_space = no mdbox_purge_preserve_alt = no mdbox_rotate_interval = 0 mdbox_rotate_size = 2 M mmap_disable = no namespace { disabled = no hidden = no ignore_on_failure = no inbox = no list = children location = maildir:/data/vmail/user/%%n/Maildir:INDEXPVT=/data/vmail/user/%n/Maildir/Shared/%%n:SUBSCRIPTIONS=../../%n/Maildir/Shared/subscriptions-%%n order = 0 prefix = user.%%n. separator = . subscriptions = yes type = shared } namespace inbox { disabled = no hidden = no ignore_on_failure = no inbox = yes list = yes location = mailbox Archives { auto = no autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Archive } mailbox Drafts { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Drafts } mailbox Junk { auto = no autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Junk } mailbox Sent { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Sent } mailbox "Sent Messages" { auto = no autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Sent } mailbox Trash { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Trash } mailbox spam { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Junk } order = 0 prefix = INBOX. separator = . subscriptions = yes type = private } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/deny-users auth_verbose = default default_fields = deny = yes driver = passwd-file master = no name = override_fields = pass = no result_failure = continue result_internalfail = continue result_success = return-ok skip = never } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-ldap.conf.ext auth_verbose = default default_fields = deny = no driver = ldap master = no name = override_fields = pass = no result_failure = continue result_internalfail = continue result_success = return-ok skip = never } plugin { acl = vfile acl_shared_dict = file:/data/vmail/global/shared-mailboxes sieve = file:/data/vmail/user/%n/sieve;active=/data/vmail/user/%n/enabled.sieve sieve_extensions = +notify +imapflags -imap4flags +vacation-seconds sieve_vacation_min_period = 0 } pop3_client_workarounds = pop3_delete_type = default pop3_deleted_flag = pop3_enable_last = no pop3_fast_size_lookups = no pop3_lock_session = no pop3_logout_format = top=%t/%p, retr=%r/%b, del=%d/%m, size=%s pop3_no_flag_updates = no pop3_reuse_xuidl = no pop3_save_uidl = no pop3_uidl_duplicates = allow pop3_uidl_format = %v.%u pop3c_host = pop3c_master_user = pop3c_password = pop3c_port = 110 pop3c_quick_received_date = no pop3c_rawlog_dir = pop3c_ssl = no pop3c_ssl_verify = yes pop3c_user = %u postmaster_address = postmaster@%d protocols = " imap lmtp sieve pop3" quota_full_tempfail = no rawlog_dir = recipient_delimiter = + rejection_reason = Your message to was automatically rejected:%n%r rejection_subject = Rejected: %s replication_dsync_parameters = -d -N -l 30 -U replication_full_sync_interval = 1 days replication_max_conns = 10 replicator_host = replicator replicator_port = 0 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail service aggregator { chroot = . client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = aggregator extra_groups = fifo_listener replication-notify-fifo { group = mode = 0600 user = } group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener replication-notify { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service anvil { chroot = empty client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = anvil extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 1 protocol = service_count = 0 type = anvil unix_listener anvil-auth-penalty { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener anvil { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service auth-worker { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = auth -w extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 1 type = unix_listener auth-worker { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service auth { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = auth extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener auth-client { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener auth-login { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener auth-master { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener auth-userdb { group = mode = 0666 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener login/login { group = mode = 0666 user = } unix_listener token-login/tokenlogin { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service config { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = config extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = config unix_listener config { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service dict-async { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = dict extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener dict-async { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service dict { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = dict extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener dict { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service director { chroot = . client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = director extra_groups = fifo_listener login/proxy-notify { group = mode = 00 user = } group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs inet_listener { address = haproxy = no port = 0 reuse_port = no ssl = no } privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener director-admin { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener director-userdb { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener login/director { group = mode = 00 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service dns_client { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = dns-client extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener dns-client { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service doveadm { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = doveadm-server extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 1 type = unix_listener doveadm-server { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-hibernate { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-hibernate extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 0 type = unix_listener imap-hibernate { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-login { chroot = login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 inet_listener imap { address = haproxy = no port = 143 reuse_port = no ssl = no } inet_listener imaps { address = haproxy = no port = 993 reuse_port = no ssl = yes } privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 10 protocol = imap service_count = 0 type = login user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-urlauth-login { chroot = token-login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-urlauth-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = login unix_listener imap-urlauth { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-urlauth-worker { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-urlauth-worker extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1024 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = unix_listener imap-urlauth-worker { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-urlauth { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-urlauth extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1024 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = unix_listener token-login/imap-urlauth { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 2048 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = unix_listener imap-master { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener login/imap { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service indexer-worker { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = indexer-worker extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 10 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener indexer-worker { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service indexer { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = indexer extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener indexer { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service ipc { chroot = empty client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = ipc extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener ipc { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener login/ipc-proxy { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_login_user } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service lmtp { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = lmtp extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 120 process_min_avail = 15 protocol = lmtp service_count = 0 type = unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp { group = postfix mode = 0600 user = postfix } unix_listener lmtp { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vmail vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service log { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = log extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = log unix_listener log-errors { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service managesieve-login { chroot = login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = managesieve-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 inet_listener sieve { address = 127.0.0.1 haproxy = no port = 4190 reuse_port = no ssl = no } privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = sieve service_count = 1 type = login user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service managesieve { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = managesieve extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = sieve service_count = 1 type = unix_listener login/sieve { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service pop3-login { chroot = login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = pop3-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 inet_listener pop3 { address = haproxy = no port = 110 reuse_port = no ssl = no } inet_listener pop3s { address = haproxy = no port = 995 reuse_port = no ssl = yes } privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = pop3 service_count = 1 type = login user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service pop3 { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = pop3 extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1024 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = pop3 service_count = 1 type = unix_listener login/pop3 { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service replicator { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = replicator extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener replicator-doveadm { group = mode = 00 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener replicator { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service ssl-params { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = ssl-params extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = startup unix_listener login/ssl-params { group = mode = 0666 user = } unix_listener ssl-params { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service stats { chroot = empty client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = stats extra_groups = fifo_listener stats-mail { group = mode = 0600 user = } fifo_listener stats-user { group = mode = 0600 user = } group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener stats { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service tcpwrap { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = tcpwrap extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } shutdown_clients = yes ssl = required ssl_ca = ssl_cert =