- dovecot - dovecot.org

[Dovecot] Dovecot + SELinux permission problems
by Johnny 24 Jun '13

24 Jun '13

Hi, I have set-up dovecot on a F17 box and am encountering weirdnesses with SELinux (who isn't??). Again, I am trying to refrain from disabling SWLinux all together, however tempting, but am stuck in troubleshooting and hope for some ideas... With SELinux set to permissive, I can connect to dovecot and log in to access my mail as expected. With SELinux enforcing, I can connect to dovecot, but cannot login to access mail. The log states ,---- log_path = /var/log/dovecot (set in 10-logging.conf) | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap-login: Info: Login: user=<johndoe>, method=PLAIN, rip=127.0.0.1, lip=127.0.0.1, mpid=15189, secured, session=<xJl+U9PfvgB/AAAB> | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Error: chdir(/home/user/data1/Maildir//) failed: Permission denied (euid=1000(user) egid=1000(user) missing +w perm: /home/user/data1/Maildir// stat(/home/user/data1/Maildir//) failed: Permission denied) | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Error: chdir(/home/user/data1/Maildir/) failed: Permission denied | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Error: user johndoe: Initialization failed: Namespace '': stat(/home/user/data1/Maildir//johndoe) failed: Permission denied (euid=1000(user) egid=1000(user) missing +w perm: /home/user/data1/Maildir//johndoe stat(/home/user/data1/Maildir//johndoe) failed: Permission denied) | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Error: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information. `---- Only thing I can grasp is *write permission* error. ls -l on the Maildirs shows this should not be the case for uid 1000. ,---- ls -l | drwxrwxr-x. 11 user user 4096 Jul 8 2012 Maildir | \> drwx------. 19 user user 4096 Feb 5 09:04 johndoe `---- I have no idea what the server log is referring to, in the debug log I get ,---- debug_log_path = /var/log/dovecot_debug (set in 10-logging.conf) | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap: Debug: Added userdb setting: mail=maildir:~/johndoe | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Debug: Effective uid=1000, gid=1000, home=/home/user/data1/Maildir/ | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Debug: Namespace inbox: type=private, prefix=, sep=., inbox=yes, hidden=no, list=yes, subscriptions=yes location=maildir:~/johndoe | Jun 23 15:43:58 imap(johndoe): Debug: maildir++: root=/home/user/data1/Maildir//johndoe, index=, control=, inbox=/home/user/data1/Maildir//johndoe, alt= `---- I had thought SELinux would log something, but /var/log/audit/audit.log is blank... Where to go from here?? Any ideas appreciated... -- Johnny

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[Dovecot] Preoccupied at the moment
by Stephan Bosch 23 Jun '13

23 Jun '13

Hi, Something's come up and I am preoccupied at the moment until the 2nd of July. I won't be answering Dovecot mailing list until then (maybe a day or two earlier). Regards, Stephan.

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[Dovecot] tables between dovecot and postfix and a paradoxical question
by Mohsen Pahlevanzadeh 23 Jun '13

23 Jun '13

Dear all, I read we create the following table in wiki2 : CREATE TABLE users ( userid VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, password VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL, home VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, uid INTEGER NOT NULL, gid INTEGER NOT NULL ); But i read the following text in the official postfix documentation : "DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself or a constant value." ref: http://www.postfix.org/mysql_table.5.html How can i combine together? --mohsen

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[Dovecot] use Alternative Storage as a cloud mail service
by ♥ NiNJA ♂ 22 Jun '13

22 Jun '13

Hi all I'm trying to create a mail service provider I like to know is it possible to have some servers as storage servers And automatically put email datas on the servers Something like having 3 servers , If server two get full , Automatically use server three If it's possible give me some solutions to use I like to use CentOS OS on my servers Thanks in advance

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[Dovecot] Problem with virtual user mailbox initialization
by Denis Kasak 22 Jun '13

22 Jun '13

Hello, I'm trying to set up a postfix/dovecot server where postfix hands over incoming mail to dovecot using lmtp virtual transport via a Unix socket. Dovecot is then supposed to write the mail to /var/mail/<domain>/<user>/ using a virtual users setup. It seems to work except for failing when the mailbox is supposed to be initially created: Jun 22 03:25:04 lmtp(2400, dkasak(a)foo.org) Error: user dkasak(a)foo.org: Initialization failed: Namespace '': mkdir(/var/mail/foo.org/dkasak) failed: Permission denied (euid=5000(postman) egid=5000(postman) missing +w perm: /var/mail, we're not in group 6(mail), dir owned by 0:6 mode=0775) As can be seen from the error message, I've set mail_uid and mail_gid to account/group postman. /var/mail/ is empty and owned by root:mail so I've also set mail_privileged_group = mail. I was under the impression that mail_privileged_group is used precisely for these situations (when dotlocking or initial creation of the mailbox fail due to insufficient privileges), but it still doesn't work. If I either set mail_gid = mail, or set mail_access_groups = mail, or create foo.org/ owned by postman:postman by hand, it works as expected. Here is the complete configuration: # 2.2.2: /usr/local/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE-p4 i386 ufs base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/ mail_gid = postman mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/%d/%n/:LAYOUT=fs mail_privileged_group = mail mail_uid = postman managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date ihave namespace inbox { inbox = yes location = mailbox Drafts { special_use = \Drafts } mailbox Junk { special_use = \Junk } mailbox Sent { special_use = \Sent } mailbox "Sent Messages" { special_use = \Sent } mailbox Trash { special_use = \Trash } prefix = separator = / type = private } passdb { args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users driver = passwd-file } plugin { sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve sieve_dir = ~/sieve } protocols = imap lmtp service auth-worker { user = $default_internal_user } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } } service imap-login { inet_listener imap { port = 143 } } service lmtp { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } } ssl = required ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { args = username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users default_fields = quota_rule=*:storage=2G driver = passwd-file } protocol imap { mail_plugins = " notify mail_log" } Any ideas? -- Denis Kasak

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Re: [Dovecot] Calling dovecot-lda from within Antispam pipe script (bash) seems to have no effect
by Joseph Tam 22 Jun '13

22 Jun '13

Ben Johnson <ben(a)indietorrent.org> writes: > I added debugging output to the script, which now prints the environment > variables. My script now outputs the following: > ... > CONFIG_FILE=/var/run/dovecot/config > ... > Does anything jump-out at you? You didn't provide the analogous output from the interactive shell to see the differences (for example, USER might be being used), but from your later strace, I guess CONFIG_FILE has something to do with it. These threads seems relevant http://www.dovecot.org/list/dovecot/2011-May/059127.html http://www.mail-archive.com/dovecot@dovecot.org/msg38349.html That thread poster solved his problem by commenting out service imap-postlogin { # user = $default_internal_user ... } but I have no idea if it works, or whether it's a good idea, for your case. More docs http://wiki2.dovecot.org/PostLoginScripting Joseph Tam <jtam.home(a)gmail.com>

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[Dovecot] Getting NTLM authentication for Postfix SMTP clients to work
by Matthew Larsen 22 Jun '13

22 Jun '13

I'm trying to get NTLM authentication working with Dovecot to authenticate Postfix SMTP clients. I can authenticate postfix smtp clients using the plain text login mechanism through winbind. However, using the NTLM mechanism gives me an error in my maillog that says: "dovecot: auth: winbind(?,10.20.2.0): user not authenticated: NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL". At this point, I'm rather stuck. It appears PAM and winbind work for authenticating with AD because it works with the plain text mechanism, but I'm missing something with the NTLM authentication method. Any suggestions as to what I've got wrong, or other logging I can turn up / examine that might shed some light on this? When I use the LOGIN mechanism I see this in the mail logging and the message is relayed: Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtpd[1501]: connect from nvit01b.mydomain.com[10.20.2.**0] Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=1501) Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011PLAIN#011service=**smtp#011nologin#011lip=10.20.**4 .12#011rip=10.20.2.0#011resp=**AG[...snip...]g== Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: pam(myusername,10.20.2.0): lookup service=dovecot Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: pam(myusername,10.20.2.0): #1/1 style=1 msg=Password: Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: client out: OK#0111#011user=myusername Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtpd[1501]: 54EAF8059B: client= nvit01b.mydomain.com[**10.20.2.0], sasl_method=PLAIN, sasl_username=myusername Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/cleanup[1504]: 54EAF8059B: message-id=< 51C4B3C8.30008(a)**domain1.com <51C4B3C8.30008(a)domain1.com>> Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/qmgr[1499]: 54EAF8059B: from=< someone(a)domain1.com>, size=2700, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtpd[1501]: disconnect from nvit01b.mydomain.com[10.20.2.**0] Jun 21 13:12:59 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtp[1505]: 54EAF8059B: to=< someone(a)gmail.com>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.**com<http://gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com/>[74.125.25.27]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.23/0.04/0.16/0.72, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1371845579 wf5si3786287pab.138 - gsmtp) Jun 21 13:12:59 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/qmgr[1499]: 54EAF8059B: removed I also see this in the secure log: Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 auth: pam_unix(dovecot:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=dovecot ruser=myusername rhost=10.20.2.0 user=myusername Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 auth: pam_winbind(dovecot:auth): getting password (0x00000010) Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 auth: pam_winbind(dovecot:auth): pam_get_item returned a password Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 auth: pam_winbind(dovecot:auth): user 'myusername' granted access Jun 21 13:12:58 SBSMTPNV05 auth: pam_winbind(dovecot:account): user 'myusername' granted access However, when I switch the mechanism to NTLM in the Thurnderbird MUA I see this: Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtpd[1506]: connect from nvit01b.mydomain.com[10.20.2.**0] Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth/**libauthdb_ldap.so Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth/**libdriver_sqlite.so Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth/**libmech_gssapi.so Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=1506) Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011NTLM#011service=**smtp#011nologin#011lip=10.20.**4. 12#011rip=10.20.2.0#011resp=**TlRMT[...snip...]A= Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: client out: CONT#0111#011TlRMT[[...snip...**]A Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: CONT#0111#011TlRMT[...snip...]**A= Jun 21 13:15:46 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: winbind(?,10.20.2.0): user not authenticated: NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL Jun 21 13:15:48 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtpd[1506]: warning: nvit01b.mydomain.com[10.20.2.**0]: SASL NTLM authentication failed: TlRMT[...snip...]A Jun 21 13:15:48 SBSMTPNV05 dovecot: auth: Debug: client out: FAIL#0111 Jun 21 13:15:49 SBSMTPNV05 postfix/smtpd[1506]: disconnect from nvit01b.mydomain.com[10.20.2.**0] with nothing in the secure log and I don't see anything show up in the winbind logs either. I've reviewed these pages as reference, and I'm not sure what I'm missing: http://wiki2.dovecot.org/**HowTo/ActiveDirectoryNtlm<http://wiki2.dovecot.org/HowTo/ActiveDirectoryNtlm> http://wiki2.dovecot.org/**Authentication/Mechanisms/NTLM<http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Authentication/Mechanisms/NTLM> http://www.dovecot.org/list/**dovecot/2008-December/035630.**html<http://www.dovecot.org/list/dovecot/2008-December/035630.html> http://www.dovecot.org/list/**dovecot/2010-February/046763.**html<http://www.dovecot.org/list/dovecot/2010-February/046763.html> http://blog.al-shami.net/2008/**05/freebsd-postfix-dovecot-** and-active-directory/<http://blog.al-shami.net/2008/05/freebsd-postfix-dovecot-and-active-directo…> http://wiki2.dovecot.org/**HowTo/PostfixAndDovecotSASL<http://wiki2.dovecot.org/HowTo/PostfixAndDovecotSASL> Here's some of my relevant configuration as I understand it: I've joined the computer to the AD domain. The wbinfo tests work fine: # wbinfo -t checking the trust secret for domain MYDOMAIN via RPC calls succeeded # doveconf -n # 2.0.9: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 2.6.32-358.11.1.el6.x86_64 x86_64 CentOS release 6.4 (Final) auth_debug_passwords = yes auth_mechanisms = plain ntlm login auth_use_winbind = yes auth_username_format = %Lu listen = * mbox_write_locks = fcntl passdb { driver = pam } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/**auth { group = postfix mode = 0666 user = postfix } } ssl_cert = </etc/pki/dovecot/certs/**dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/pki/dovecot/private/**dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd } //////////////////// # postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 7 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 line_length_limit = 6144 mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost myhostname = srvsbsmtp05.mydomain.com newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/**README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/**samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,**reje ct_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot unknown_local_recipient_**reject_code = 550 ///////////////////// # cat /etc/krb5.conf [logging] default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log [libdefaults] default_realm = MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> dns_lookup_realm = true dns_lookup_kdc = true ticket_lifetime = 24h renew_lifetime = 7d forwardable = true [domain_realm] .mydomain.com = MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> mydomain.com = MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> //////////////////// system keytab: # klist -ke Keytab name: FILE:/etc/krb5.keytab KVNO Principal ---- ------------------------------**------------------------------** -------------- 3 host/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (des-cbc-crc) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (des-cbc-md5) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (arcfour-hmac) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05(a)MYDOMAIN.COM (des-cbc-crc) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05(a)MYDOMAIN.COM (des-cbc-md5) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05(a)MYDOMAIN.COM (arcfour-hmac) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05(a)MYDOMAIN.COM (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 host/sbsmtpnv05(a)MYDOMAIN.COM (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 SBSMTPNV05$(a)MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> (des-cbc-crc) 3 SBSMTPNV05$(a)MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> (des-cbc-md5) 3 SBSMTPNV05$(a)MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> (arcfour-hmac) 3 SBSMTPNV05$(a)MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 3 SBSMTPNV05$(a)MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 5 smtp/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (des-cbc-crc) 5 smtp/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (des-cbc-md5) 5 smtp/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (arcfour-hmac) 5 smtp/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 5 smtp/sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)**MYDOMAIN.COM<sbsmtpnv05.mydomain.com(a)MYDOMAIN.COM> (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) //////////////////// Samba config: [global] workgroup = MYDOMAIN realm = MYDOMAIN.COM <http://mydomain.com/> server string = Samba Server Version %v security = ADS kerberos method = system keytab log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 printcap name = /dev/null domain master = No template shell = /bin/bash winbind separator = + winbind use default domain = Yes idmap config * : range = 10000-50000 idmap config * : backend = tdb printing = bsd cups options = raw print command = lpr -r -P'%p' %s lpq command = lpq -P'%p' lprm command = lprm -P'%p' %j

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[Dovecot] Sieve Plugin Setup
by Denny Jones 22 Jun '13

22 Jun '13

I've got an existing setup that I want to add Sieve filtering to. I'm on QmailToaster: qmailadmin-toaster-1.2.16-1.4.0 I using Dovecot version 2.0.11 I'm looking for a good tutorial for installing Sieve Rules functionality on an existing system. Anybody know of one? Anybody else done this? Do I just install the latest Dovecot-sieve plugin release with wget, etc? What kind of configuration can I expect to have to go through. Do I have to reconfigure Dovecot to work in conjunction with the Sieve plugin? I'm hoping to find someone else has done this that can help me navigate the waters so-to-speak. Thanks in advance, Denny

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[Dovecot] Pound Sign # in password
by Jackie Lowery 21 Jun '13

21 Jun '13

Is there any way to use a pound sign # in my postfix user password in the dovecot sql configuration file.

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Re: [Dovecot] Calling dovecot-lda from within Antispam pipe script (bash) seems to have no effect
by Joseph Tam 21 Jun '13

21 Jun '13

Ben Johnson writes: > It really boils-down to the fact that I can call the following on the > command-line and it functions as expected: > > su vmail -c '/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -a "sa-training(a)example.com" -d > "sa-training(a)example.com" -m "Training.SPAM" -p > "/tmp/sendmail-msg-25794.txt"' > > Yet, when I attempt to do the exact same thing from within the pipe > script that Dovecot Antispam calls, I receive exit code 75 from > deliver/dovecot-lda and absolutely nothing is logged, with exception of > the information of which I'm already aware (logged to syslog). Have you also checked the environment variables? I think dovecot-lda gets some information from them. Also, it's possible the PATH or some other critical environment variables is different, causing the difference in outcome. Joseph Tam <jtam.home(a)gmail.com>

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[Dovecot] LDA Connection Refused with auth-userdb
by Adam Ramirez 21 Jun '13

21 Jun '13

Hi there, I've encountered an issue with the LDA in which I get a "Connection refused" error. There is a serverfault question ( http://serverfault.com/questions/517262/dovecot-with-postfix-configuration-…) if you would like to read that version, otherwise, the details are as follows: Dovecot 2.0.19 Postfix 2.9.6 Ubuntu 12.04 The actual error message I receive is --------------------------------------------------------------- postfix/pickup[16842]: 019023A06AB: uid=1000 from=<vagrant> postfix/cleanup[19542]: 019023A06AB: message-id= <20130620140358.019023A06AB@mail-server-berkshelf> postfix/qmgr[16843]: 019023A06AB: from=<vagrant(a)mail-server-berkshelf.localdomain>, size=382, nrcpt=1 (queue active) dovecot: lda: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules dovecot: lda: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib90_sieve_plugin.so ---> dovecot: lda: Error: userdb lookup: connect(/var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb) failed: Connection refused dovecot: lda: Fatal: Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. postfix/pipe[19545]: 019023A06AB: to=<test(a)chefdovecot.com>, relay=dovecot, delay=1.2, delays=0.04/0.01/0/1.1, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure) dovecot -n snippet: -------------------------------------------------------------- # 2.0.19: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-23-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS ext4 auth_debug = yes auth_debug_passwords = yes auth_mechanisms = plain login auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb auth_verbose = yes auth_verbose_passwords = plain mail_debug = yes mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date ihave passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext driver = sql } plugin { sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve sieve_dir = ~/sieve } postmaster_address = info(a)*****.com protocols = imap pop3 sieve imap pop3 service auth-worker { user = vmail } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-userdb { group = vmail mode = 0644 user = vmail } user = dovecot } service managesieve-login { inet_listener sieve { port = 4190 } } ssl = no ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/star_***_com.crt ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/star_***_com.key userdb { args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/var/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes driver = static } verbose_ssl = yes protocol lda { info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot-lda.log log_path = /var/log/dovecot-lda-errors.log mail_plugins = sieve } protocol imap { mail_max_userip_connections = 20 } Extra from auth-sql ----------------------------------------- userdb { driver = static args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes } File permissions on auth-userdb ----------------------------------------- srw-r--r-- 1 vmail vmail 0 Jun 20 13:04 /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb I have tried changing the permissions and owner of auth-userdb to 777 and dovecot:dovecot, but there wasn't a change. Any leads or ideas are appreciated. I'm happy to research on my own, but atm I'm not sure where to continue looking. Adam

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[Dovecot] Would attempting plaintext auth repeatably cause a DOS and server to crash?
by Hugh Davenport 21 Jun '13

21 Jun '13

Hey All, I'm just wondering whether this is what caused my server to crash. Started last night in NZ land. Jun 20 19:22:11 elm dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected (tried to use disallowed plaintext auth): user=<>, rip=attackerip, lip=10.0.0.3, session=<0C8LzpDfZQDINsQC> occasionally get Jun 20 19:22:52 elm dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 1 secs): user=<>, rip=attackerip, lip=10.0.0.3, session=<bHdz0JDfpwDINsQC> or in 0 secs last at Jun 20 19:26:24 elm dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected (tried to use disallowed plaintext auth): user=<>, rip=attackerip, lip=10.0.0.3, session=<1MUR3ZDfcwDINsQC> and a minute later the server lost contact to the world. When I checked a bit later, the underlying host machine (dovecot runs on a VM (KVM)) had been powered off. Now, here in NZ land, there was also a crazy storm last night, and lots of brown outs. There could potentially of been a surge that killed it, but the UPS was still running fine when I started it again. The "attack" lasted around 4 minutes, in which there was 1161 lines in the log for a single attacker ip, and no other similar logs previously. Would this be enough to kill not only the VM running dovecot, but the underlying host machine? All up to date with patches, running debian stable (wheezy). dovecot-core debian package version 1:2.1.7-7 dovecot version 2.1.7 I notice there is a version 2.2.3 out, but not in debian yet. Could this fix this issue? I don't particularly want to have it happen again :D. Any thoughts? Cheers, Hugh

3 2

[Dovecot] Allowing clients to test their Sieve scripts
by Frerich Raabe 21 Jun '13

21 Jun '13

Hi, One thing which came up repeatedly is that clients using the IMAP server I run (using Dovecot 2.1) wonder whether they broke their Sieve scripts, i.e. it often goes like "I don't know whether I just didn't receive any mail, or whether my filters broke. Can you check the logs?". I then usually just run the sieve-test binary (part of the Pigeonhole distribution) and send them the output. However, I was wondering - is there maybe a way for them to try it themselves? Like, maybe a tiny web server which just prints a form asking for a mail file and a sieve script, and then it runs sieve-script and prints the output of that? I wonder how other people do that. -- Frerich Raabe - raabe(a)froglogic.com www.froglogic.com - Multi-Platform GUI Testing

9 27

[Dovecot] doveadm move syntax
by vincent truc 20 Jun '13

20 Jun '13

Hello I want to forward an email to user1(a)domain.com box to the box user2(a)domain.com For this I try to use 'doveadm move', but I'm having problems with the syntax. Could you give me an example please? thanks

2 1

[Dovecot] MySQL tables and official documenttation
by Mohsen Pahlevanzadeh 20 Jun '13

20 Jun '13

Dear all, Unfortunately, i created my tables according to the older tutorial, i search in dovecot.org and postfix.org but i didn't find any official documentation for tables. I want to use PF 2.10 and dovecot 2. Its tutorial was wrote on debian etch. eatch is very old. ---mohsen

3 2

[Dovecot] HowTo / VirtualUserFlatFilesPostfix
by treanorv 20 Jun '13

20 Jun '13

The following is an excerpt from the HOWTO mentioned Per-domain authentication and configuration structure /var/vmail dr-x------ 3 doveauth dovecot 4096 2010-03-17 19:09 auth.d |--> domain.tld Can anybody decypher the "|--> domain.tld" part please. Regards, treanorv -- View this message in context: http://dovecot.2317879.n4.nabble.com/HowTo-VirtualUserFlatFilesPostfix-tp42… Sent from the Dovecot mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

2 2

[Dovecot] dovecot enterprise release
by mourik jan SOGo 20 Jun '13

20 Jun '13

Hi all, Not sure if this is the right place to ask, but...: On the dovecot enterprise release pages, only debian 6 compatibility is shown. Are there any plans to support wheezy? (as 7 is stable now, and we are running it...) Regards, Mourik Jan

6 12

[Dovecot] pop3 and imap don't run
by Mohsen Pahlevanzadeh 20 Jun '13

20 Jun '13

Dear all, I run dovecot and when i use 'ps ax |egrep dovecot' command , i get the following result: ////////////////// 9290 pts/3 S+ 0:00 tail -f /var/log/dovecot.err 9597 ? Ss 0:00 /opt/dovecot/sbin/dovecot 9598 ? S 0:00 dovecot/anvil 9599 ? S 0:00 dovecot/log 9601 ? S 0:00 dovecot/config 9606 pts/0 S+ 0:00 egrep --color=auto dovecot /////////////// I dont see any pop or imap process. --mohsen

3 2

[Dovecot] Patch for pigeonhole 0.4.0 avoiding PATH_MAX
by Svante Signell 19 Jun '13

19 Jun '13

Hi, I recently downloaded and built dovecot-2.2.2 and dovecot-2.2-pigeonhole-0.4.0 on GNU/Linux and GNU/Hurd. The changes needed will be sent to the Debian maintainer shortly. Latest Debian release is 2.1.7-7 and dovecot-2.1-pigeonhole-0.3.1. When building dovecot-2.2.2 there were no PATH_MAX problems on GNU/Hurd, thank you for that. However, pigeonhole 0.4.0 had one remaining PATH_MAX construct. The attached patch solves this problem. It it good enough to be accepted upstream? (According to the description of t_malloc, free is not needed, right?) Thanks, Svante Signell

3 4

[Dovecot] A common, read-only IMAP INBOX for all accounts
by Gus 19 Jun '13

19 Jun '13

Hi, since I had no luck finding people available on IRC, I hope someone here can provide me with some answers to, hopefully, 2 simple questions (and have the solution recorded in the archives for everyone with the same need). A little background, as the subject says it - I want to have a single INBOX shared among all the accounts on my system, where only one account would have writing rights, and all the rest would only be able to read the messages. Note this is different than providing a shared mailbox in addition to an INBOX - I actually want the shared INBOX to be the one and only folder that users can see and read as they will not be receiving any personal mails on this system. Naturally, I would also want that each account keeps track of read/unread messages independently of others. So, this is what I came up with (showing the relevant part of configuration only): # Per-user mail root and private/shared INBOX namespace userdb { driver = static args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/var/vmail/users/%u } namespace { type = private separator = / prefix = location = maildir:/var/vmail/public:INDEX=~/public inbox = yes } # The ACL contents of /var/vmail/public/dovecot-acl user=admin lrwstipekx anyone lrs Now, this actually results in exactly what I want (apart from a problem I'll describe below), but I'm not sure if it's the right way to do it. So the questions: 1. I have doubts that this solution could cause problems with dot file locking or dovecot data files corruption in the /var/vmail/public mailbox/directory when multiple users access the box simultaneously (and this could be thousands of users in production). Is this a valid concern and have I gone completely wrong with this solution, or there should be no problem with locking and I can keep it this way? If this is not the way to do it, can someone advise on the proper configuration that would achieve the same result, if it's possible at all (or what are the alternatives if it can't be done). 2. For testing purposes, I used a perl script (using the Maildir::Lite module) to create a test message in this mailbox (it gets stored in the new/ subdirectory, as I suppose it should). Now this message shows up as "unread" for all accounts, however when I read it in an IMAP client and then refresh the mailbox, it shows up as unread again. Per-user INDEX directory is writable and I see some files created there by dovecot, so shouldn't they contain the \Seen flags that indicate the message has been read? Is this maybe a client problem and how can I check that dovecot actually saves the flag correctly? The dovecot version I'm using is 2.0.9 (from the CentOS 6.x repositories). Thanks in advance and kind regards, Tin

2 2

[Dovecot] Crashes at login time with freshest code
by interfaSys sàrl 19 Jun '13

19 Jun '13

Hello, Dovecot keeps crashing at login time. Things were fine on 2.2.2 Fatal: master: service(imap): child 5014 killed with signal 11 Here is the trace: Core was generated by `imap'. Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault. #0 0x00000000105cdfdf in mailbox_list_get_storage (list=0x7fffffffe310, vname=0x10a04ab0 "INBOX/spam", storage_r=0x7fffffffe308) at mailbox-list.c:811 811 if (set != NULL && set->driver[0] != '\0') { (gdb) bt full #0 0x00000000105cdfdf in mailbox_list_get_storage (list=0x7fffffffe310, vname=0x10a04ab0 "INBOX/spam", storage_r=0x7fffffffe308) at mailbox-list.c:811 set = 0x10a89758 #1 0x00000000108c2876 in acl_backend_vfile_get_local_dir (backend=0x10a33a40, name=0x10a04a48 "INBOX/spam") at acl-backend-vfile.c:148 ns = 0x10a5d3c0 list = 0x10a45040 storage = 0xb type = MAILBOX_LIST_PATH_TYPE_DIR dir = 0x10a1a250 "INBOX/spam" inbox = 0x1055dcc0 <static_system_pool> "\200\334U\020" vname = 0x10a04ab0 "INBOX/spam" error = 0x0 __FUNCTION__ = "acl_backend_vfile_get_local_dir" #2 0x00000000108c2a6c in acl_backend_vfile_object_init (_backend=0x10a33a40, name=0x10a04a48 "INBOX/spam") at acl-backend-vfile.c:195 _data_stack_cur_id = 9 backend = 0x10a33a40 aclobj = 0x10a8c380 dir = 0x10a04a68 "\003" vname = 0x10a45258 "\220R\244\020" #3 0x00000000108c05a2 in acl_object_init_from_name (backend=0x10a33a40, name=0x10a04a48 "INBOX/spam") at acl-api.c:15 No locals. #4 0x00000000108ca3d7 in acl_mailbox_list_have_right (list=0x10a45040, name=0x10a04a48 "INBOX/spam", parent=false, acl_storage_right_idx=0, can_see_r=0x0) at acl-mailbox-list.c:63 alist = 0x10a45328 backend = 0x10a33a40 idx_arr = 0x10a453f8 aclobj = 0x1ffffe420 ret = 0 ret2 = 10 #5 0x00000000108cad9c in acl_mailbox_list_info_is_visible (ctx=0x10a11040) at acl-mailbox-list.c:336 info = 0x10a110a8 acl_name = 0x10a04a48 "INBOX/spam" ret = 0 __FUNCTION__ = "acl_mailbox_list_info_is_visible" #6 0x00000000108caf36 in acl_mailbox_list_iter_next (_ctx=0x10a11040) at acl-mailbox-list.c:386 _data_stack_cur_id = 8 ctx = 0x10a11040 info = 0x10a4a0c0 ret = 0 #7 0x00000000105e4394 in mailbox_list_iter_next_call (ctx=0x10a11040) at mailbox-list-iter.c:941 info = 0x10a110a8 set = 0x10a11110 #8 0x00000000105e44ae in autocreate_iter_next (ctx=0x10a11040) at mailbox-list-iter.c:969 actx = 0x10a11110 info = 0x7fffffffe510 autoboxes = 0x10a45040 autobox = 0x7fffffffe530 count = 4096 __FUNCTION__ = "autocreate_iter_next" #9 0x00000000105e466c in mailbox_list_iter_next (ctx=0x10a11040) at mailbox-list-iter.c:1010 _data_stack_cur_id = 7 info = 0x10a11118 #10 0x00000000108cacd3 in iter_mailbox_has_visible_children (ctx=0x10a10840, only_nonpatterns=false) at acl-mailbox-list.c:299 iter = 0x10a11040 info = 0x10a11118 pattern = 0x10a047c8 prefix = 0x10a04800 "INBOX/*" i = 5 prefix_len = 6 stars = false ret = true __FUNCTION__ = "iter_mailbox_has_visible_children" #11 0x00000000108cade9 in acl_mailbox_list_info_is_visible (ctx=0x10a10840) at acl-mailbox-list.c:345 info = 0x10a108a8 acl_name = 0x10a047a0 "INBOX" ret = 1 __FUNCTION__ = "acl_mailbox_list_info_is_visible" #12 0x00000000108caf36 in acl_mailbox_list_iter_next (_ctx=0x10a10840) at acl-mailbox-list.c:386 _data_stack_cur_id = 6 ctx = 0x10a10840 info = 0x10a490c0 ret = 0 #13 0x00000000105e4394 in mailbox_list_iter_next_call (ctx=0x10a10840) at mailbox-list-iter.c:941 info = 0x0 set = 0x0 #14 0x00000000105e44ae in autocreate_iter_next (ctx=0x10a10840) at mailbox-list-iter.c:969 actx = 0x10a10910 info = 0x7fffffffe6b0 autoboxes = 0x2 autobox = 0x10a9b000 count = 0 __FUNCTION__ = "autocreate_iter_next" #15 0x00000000105e466c in mailbox_list_iter_next (ctx=0x10a10840) at mailbox-list-iter.c:1010 _data_stack_cur_id = 5 info = 0x10a1b780 #16 0x00000000105e343b in mailbox_list_ns_iter_try_next (_ctx=0x10a10440, info_r=0x7fffffffe768) at mailbox-list-iter.c:580 ctx = 0x10a10440 ns = 0x1050912c <o_stream_get_buffer_used_size+41> info = 0x10a1b808 error = MAIL_ERROR_NONE errstr = 0x10a47840 "" has_children = false __FUNCTION__ = "mailbox_list_ns_iter_try_next" #17 0x00000000105e36fc in mailbox_list_ns_iter_next (_ctx=0x10a10440) at mailbox-list-iter.c:645 info = 0x0 #18 0x00000000105e4394 in mailbox_list_iter_next_call (ctx=0x10a10440) at mailbox-list-iter.c:941 ---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit--- info = 0x417e06 <client_send_line_next+159> set = 0x7fffffffe7d0 #19 0x00000000105e467e in mailbox_list_iter_next (ctx=0x10a10440) at mailbox-list-iter.c:1012 _data_stack_cur_id = 4 info = 0x2 #20 0x000000000041039c in cmd_list_continue (cmd=0x10a47840) at cmd-list.c:229 ctx = 0x10a47938 info = 0x10a10918 flags = (MAILBOX_NOCHILDREN | MAILBOX_SELECT) str = 0x10a04548 mutf7_name = 0x10a04698 name = 0x10a10c40 "INBOX" ret = 1 #21 0x0000000000410c2c in cmd_list_full (cmd=0x10a47840, lsub=false) at cmd-list.c:463 client = 0x10a47040 args = 0x10a100d8 list_args = 0x104e15a0 <buffer_write+90> arg_count = 32767 ctx = 0x10a47938 patterns = {arr = {buffer = 0x10a47978, element_size = 8}, v = 0x10a47978, v_modifiable = 0x10a47978} ref = 0x10a47968 "" pattern = 0x10a47970 "*" patterns_strarr = 0x10a479b0 str = 0x10a04268 #22 0x0000000000410c81 in cmd_list (cmd=0x10a47840) at cmd-list.c:478 No locals. #23 0x0000000000419e11 in command_exec (cmd=0x10a47840) at imap-commands.c:156 hook = 0x10a22100 ret = false #24 0x0000000000418d59 in client_command_input (cmd=0x10a47840) at imap-client.c:775 client = 0x10a47040 command = 0x7fffffffe950 __FUNCTION__ = "client_command_input" #25 0x0000000000419059 in client_command_input (cmd=0x10a47840) at imap-client.c:836 client = 0x10a47040 command = 0x10a277e0 __FUNCTION__ = "client_command_input" #26 0x0000000000419179 in client_handle_next_command (client=0x10a47040, remove_io_r=0x7fffffffe9dd) at imap-client.c:874 No locals. #27 0x00000000004191f9 in client_handle_input (client=0x10a47040) at imap-client.c:886 _data_stack_cur_id = 3 ret = false remove_io = false handled_commands = false __FUNCTION__ = "client_handle_input" #28 0x000000000041938c in client_input (client=0x10a47040) at imap-client.c:928 cmd = 0x10a21178 output = 0x10a92088 bytes = 19 __FUNCTION__ = "client_input" #29 0x00000000104fc976 in io_loop_call_io (io=0x10a8c2c0) at ioloop.c:387 ioloop = 0x10a21040 t_id = 2 #30 0x00000000104fe46f in io_loop_handler_run (ioloop=0x10a21040) at ioloop-kqueue.c:148 ctx = 0x10a190a0 events = 0x10a50000 event = 0x10a50000 tv = {tv_sec = 1799, tv_usec = 999497} ts = {tv_sec = 1799, tv_nsec = 999497000} io = 0x10a8c2c0 events_count = 6 ret = 1 i = 0 __FUNCTION__ = "io_loop_handler_run" #31 0x00000000104fca19 in io_loop_run (ioloop=0x10a21040) at ioloop.c:406 No locals. #32 0x0000000010493800 in master_service_run (service=0x10a1b140, callback=0x425f06 <client_connected>) at master-service.c:560 No locals. #33 0x0000000000426220 in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffebe8) at main.c:400 set_roots = {0x42f680 <imap_setting_parser_info>, 0x0} login_set = {auth_socket_path = 0x10a04038 "p@\240\020", postlogin_socket_path = 0x0, postlogin_timeout_secs = 60, callback = 0x425cca <login_client_connected>, failure_callback = 0x425e92 <login_client_failed>, request_auth_token = 1} service_flags = MASTER_SERVICE_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG_OPEN storage_service_flags = MAIL_STORAGE_SERVICE_FLAG_DISALLOW_ROOT username = 0x0 c = -1 Cheers, Olivier

3 5

[Dovecot] dovecot creating unknown users
by Yann Shukor 19 Jun '13

19 Jun '13

Hi We recently installed a dovecot postfix roundcube debian wheezy serverIt is now in production and we are feeling our way as we progressivelyadd new users to this local server. I noticed that dovecot is creating user directory structures for unknown users withinour domain in /var/vmail, even though we have setup a static users.conf db file. I tried omiting the "allow_all_users=yes" parameter but that doesn't seem to be linked to this issue Sorry if this has been asked a number of times already Is there an easy way to search the archives of this mailinglist ? Thanks yann # 2.2.2 (45399357008a): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-4-686-pae i686 Debian 7.0 ext4 auth_debug = yes auth_mechanisms = plain login auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb auth_verbose = yes disable_plaintext_auth = no first_valid_gid = 5000 first_valid_uid = 5000 hostname = holimail.holinice.com last_valid_gid = 5000 last_valid_uid = 5000 listen = * mail_debug = yes mail_gid = vmail mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir mail_privileged_group = mail mail_uid = vmail managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date ihave namespace inbox { inbox = yes location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir mailbox Drafts { special_use = \Drafts } mailbox Junk { special_use = \Junk } mailbox Sent { special_use = \Sent } mailbox "Sent Messages" { special_use = \Sent } mailbox Trash { special_use = \Trash } prefix = subscriptions = yes } passdb { args = scheme=CRAM-MD5 /etc/dovecot/users.conf driver = passwd-file } passdb { driver = pam } plugin { sieve = ~/.dovecot.sieve sieve_dir = ~/sieve } postmaster_address = azurtem(a)holinice.com protocols = " imap sieve pop3" service auth-worker { user = $default_internal_user } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0666 user = postfix } unix_listener auth-userdb { group = vmail mode = 0600 user = vmail } } service imap-login { group = dovecot inet_listener imap { port = 143 } inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } } service imap { process_limit = 1024 } service pop3-login { inet_listener pop3 { port = 110 } inet_listener pop3s { port = 995 ssl = yes } } service pop3 { process_limit = 1024 } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/var/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes driver = static } userdb { driver = passwd } protocol lda { mail_plugins = " sieve" }

2 1

[Dovecot] deny users
by BONNET, Frank 19 Jun '13

19 Jun '13

hello I'm in trouble with the deny feature the log is like the following Jun 18 17:37:53 auth: Error: Error in configuration file /usr/local/etc/dovecot/deny.imap line 1: Expecting '=' in the documentation said to write one username per line in the deny file that is what I did ...what is the format of this file ? thank you

3 2

[Dovecot] v2.2.3 released
by Timo Sirainen 18 Jun '13

18 Jun '13

http://dovecot.org/releases/2.2/dovecot-2.2.3.tar.gz http://dovecot.org/releases/2.2/dovecot-2.2.3.tar.gz.sig This is a pretty important upgrade for v2.2 users, because of the IMAP ENVELOPE reply fix. * LDA/LMTP: If new mail delivery first fails with "temporary failure", tempfail the whole delivery instead of falling back to delivering the mail to INBOX. (Requires new Pigeonhole as well.) * doc/solr-schema.xml was updated to Solr v4.x format. Also the default analyzers were changed, hopefully for the better. Note that the schema can't be changed for existing Solr indexes without rebuilding everything. * Solr plugin does only soft commits from now on. You'll need a cronjob to send a hard commit command to it every few minutes. + Added %N modifier for variables as %H-like "new hash" + sdbox, mdbox: Support POP3 message order field (for migrations) + Added mailbox { driver } to specify a different mail storage format for the mailbox than generally used within the namespace. + Added initial lib-sasl library for client side SASL support. Currently supports only PLAIN, LOGIN and plugins. Used currently by IMAP and POP3 proxying when authenticating to the remote server. - IMAP: If subject contained only whitespace, Dovecot returned an ENVELOPE reply with a huge literal value, effectively causing the IMAP client to wait for more data forever. - IMAP: Various URLAUTH fixes. - imapc: Various bugfixes and improvements - pop3c: Various fixes to make it work in dsync (without imapc) - dsync: Fixes to syncing subscriptions. Fixes to syncing mailbox renames.

9 12

[Dovecot] Mailbox conversion/importing
by Alan Brown 18 Jun '13

18 Jun '13

I've been tasked with importing a large bunch of mbox folders (about 500) into an existing mdbox setup in Dovecot 2.1 As far as I can see, dsync "mirror" or "backup" are both inappropriate ways of doing this. Does anyone have any suggestions about how I could proceed? Thanks in advance

5 5