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[Dovecot] Dovecot 2 fails after correct login
by Frank Walter 20 May '12

20 May '12

Hello I installed dovecot 2.0.9 (and dovecot-mysql!) on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS root-server to work together with Postfix 2.9.1-4 After some struggle, I got Postfix's auth working, using dovecot for smtp-authentification with mysql. But dovecot himself is not working properly. When I connect, after giving plaintext password I read the error in the client (I connect for debug reasons with a dos-box on windows): telnet example.org 110 +OK Dovecot ready. USER me(a)example.org +OK PASS myplainpassword -ERR [IN-USE] Internal error occurred. Refer to server log for more information. If I do: ... PASS thisisthewrongpassword I get: -ERR Authentication failed. And this is the debug-log (I changed IP and names, server to 1.2.3.4 me to 5.6.7.8 server-name to example.org, my email to me(a)example.org) May 20 12:14:54 auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth May 20 12:14:54 auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth/libdriver_mysql.so May 20 12:14:54 auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=25337) May 20 12:14:57 auth: Debug: client in: AUTH 1 PLAIN service=pop3 lip=1.2.3.4 rip=5.6.7.8 lport=110 rport=1731 resp=AGZyYW5jQGV3Ni5vcmcAMzE0MTU= May 20 12:14:57 auth-worker: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth May 20 12:14:57 auth-worker: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth/libdriver_mysql.so May 20 12:14:57 auth-worker: Debug: pam(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): lookup service=dovecot May 20 12:14:57 auth-worker: Debug: pam(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): #1/1 style=1 msg=Password: May 20 12:15:00 auth-worker: Debug: sql(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): query: SELECT email as user, password FROM view_users WHERE email='me(a)example.org'; May 20 12:15:00 auth: Debug: client out: OK 1 user=me(a)example.org May 20 12:15:00 auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST 4018667521 25337 1 ccd274c0359454ad3beae53ccb1cc03b May 20 12:15:00 auth: Debug: passwd(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): lookup May 20 12:15:00 auth: Debug: prefetch(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): passdb didn't return userdb entries, trying the next userdb May 20 12:15:00 auth-worker: Debug: sql(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): SELECT home, uid, gid FROM users WHERE username = 'me' AND domain = 'example.org' May 20 12:15:00 auth: Debug: master out: FAIL 4018667521 And with wrong password: ... May 20 12:42:51 auth-worker: Debug: sql(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): query: SELECT email as user, password FROM view_users WHERE email='me(a)example.org'; May 20 12:42:51 auth-worker: Debug: sql(me(a)example.org,5.6.7.8): PLAIN-MD5(thisisthewrongpassword) != '7d7ba8201b765ffd4b212268b8c34d1c' May 20 12:42:53 auth: Debug: client out: FAIL 1 user=me(a)example.org I don't understand the error messages (yet), could somebody please give me a hint? My dovecot.conf: passdb { driver = sql args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf } userdb { driver = prefetch } userdb { driver = sql args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf } dovecot-sql.conf: driver = mysql connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=maildb user=mailuser password=mailpassword default_pass_scheme = PLAIN-MD5 password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM view_users WHERE email='%u'; 10-auth.conf: disable_plaintext_auth = no auth_mechanisms = plain !include auth-system.conf.ext and in my 10-master.conf I have: service imap-login { inet_listener imap { } inet_listener imaps { } } service pop3-login { inet_listener pop3 { } inet_listener pop3s { } } service lmtp { unix_listener lmtp { } } service imap { } service pop3 { } service auth { unix_listener auth-userdb { mode = 0660 } unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0666 user = postfix group = postfix } } service auth-worker { } service dict { unix_listener dict { } } I enabled logging in 10-logging.conf, enabled ssl in 10-ssl.conf and put the path in 10-mail.conf. Beside this I didn't change the defaults. Thank you for help! frank

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[Dovecot] Convert from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8?
by Bjørn T Johansen 20 May '12

20 May '12

The server I am running Dovecot on is still using locale = ISO-8859-1 but I am thinking it is time to convert to UTF-8... Can I just use convmv to convert all the files in the mailboxes to UTF-8 or is there anything else I need to do? Do I need to run iconv to convert the content also or does dovecot/MUA fix this by it self? (i.e. they display the mail as encoded in ISO-8859-1) Regards, BTJ -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bjørn T Johansen btj(a)havleik.no ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Someone wrote: "I understand that if you play a Windows CD backwards you hear strange Satanic messages" To which someone replied: "It's even worse than that; play it forwards and it installs Windows" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.

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Re: [Dovecot] BEWARE: This list is being harvested for leads
by Douglas Mortensen 20 May '12

20 May '12

I personally didn't mind a one-time notice from the dev's team that that are now offering paid commercial support. What if I WANTED it? I felt like it was a courtesy email from them to let me know that it's available. If those emails continue unsolicited, then it may start to feel like spam to me, but this did not. In general, I've actually been looking for ways to financially support good open source projects. I have worked with many & find that oftentimes, the ones with hood commercial support tend to be ones that have the manpower resources needed to quickly fix bugs, patch vulnerabilities, maintain a strong development schedule & give decent support through mailing lists & similar means. So when I received the email, immediately I thought: "Hmm. This may come in handy down the road, and would serve two purposes by giving me an easily justifiable means to support the project". That is all. - Doug Mortensen impalanetworks.com Sent from my Windows Phone ________________________________ From: Giles Coochey Sent: 5/17/2012 9:33 AM To: dovecot(a)dovecot.org Subject: Re: [Dovecot] BEWARE: This list is being harvested for leads On 17/05/2012 16:20, Dennis Guhl wrote: > On Thu, May 17, 2012 at 10:56:50AM -0400, Charles Marcus wrote: >> On 2012-05-17 10:20 AM, dovecot-20120517(a)billmail.scconsult.com wrote: >>> On 17 May 2012, at 9:46, Charles Marcus wrote: >>>> Tim is working closely with Timo, and I'm sure got Timo's permission >>>> to send that email to list subscribers. >>> I subscribed to the Dovecot Users mailing list, not "Whatever spam >>> Timo thinks is justifiable." >> I'm about ready to add you to my PLONK file Bill. >> >> That is ridiculous... if a formal announcement about a commercial >> support company that has Timo's blessing isn't pertinent to >> participants on the dovecot support list, then what is? > I did not received this mail so I can't comment on the appearance but > I would not be happy to receive any unrequested commercial offers, > irrelevant which form it comes along. > > I can understand Timo's desire to acquire as much paying customers as > possible, but in this case he should at least have announced -- > publicly -- what he plans to do and how to opt out. > > Such 'ideas' are a sure way to kill all the good reputation, which is > crucial for open source projects. And, not to forget, it can lead to > some nasty legal problems. Such forms of email marketing are at least > in the EU and US prohibited. > >> Just admit you made a silly mistake and move on... > The only silly mistake was this answer of yours. > > Dennis [sarcasm on] No, I think we should lock Tim & Timo up and force Timo to eat lentils while he codes his IMAP server for us. It's incredibly astounding that he should even need to be involved in a business where he makes money developing my free IMAP server software!!! [sarcasm off]

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[Dovecot] Best way to change index location on mdbox
by Patrick Westenberg 20 May '12

20 May '12

Hi, right now my index directory is part of the users home directory: mail_home = /var/mail/%d/%n mail_location = mdbox:~/mdbox I want the indexes to be stored in a different location: mail_home = /var/mail/%d/%n mail_location = mdbox:~/mdbox:INDEX=/var/indexes/%d/%n If I just switch this setting and reload the configuration, no e-mails are shown to the user. After restoring the whole maildir I deleted all dovecot.index.*-files from that user and starting dovecot with the new index directory setting, I got the following error after connecting. I expected the index files to be regenerated but I got an error: May 18 23:11:12 imap(test(a)example.com): Panic: file mail-storage.c: line 787 (mailbox_check_mismatching_separators): assertion fail ed: (strncmp(vname, ns->prefix, ns->prefix_len-1) == 0) May 18 23:11:12 imap(test(a)example.com): Error: Raw backtrace: /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot.so.0(+0x4475a) [0x7f993f60875a] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot.so.0(+0x447a6) [0x7f993f6087a6] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot.so.0(i_error+0) [0x7f993f5df5bf] - > /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so.0(mailbox_open_stream+0) [0x7f993f8ccca0] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so. 0(mailbox_open+0xf) [0x7f993f8cccbf] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so.0(mdbox_storage_rebuild_in_context+0xb2b) [0x7f993f8 8eeab] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so.0(mdbox_sync_begin+0x7ec) [0x7f993f88ce7c] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-st orage.so.0(mdbox_sync+0x46) [0x7f993f88cee6] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so.0(mdbox_storage_sync_init+0x87) [0x7f993f88c fc7] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so.0(mailbox_sync_init+0x31) [0x7f993f8cb851] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-stor age.so.0(mailbox_sync+0x27) [0x7f993f8cc387] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot-storage.so.0(index_storage_get_status+0x28f) [0x7f993f8 ef41f] -> dovecot/imap(imap_status_get+0x7a) [0x41756a] -> dovecot/imap(cmd_status+0x14f) [0x40e85f] -> dovecot/imap(command_exec+0x3d) [ 0x41158d] -> dovecot/imap() [0x41050e] -> dovecot/imap() [0x4105ed] -> dovecot/imap(client_handle_input+0x135) [0x410815] -> dovecot/imap (client_input+0x5f) [0x41113f] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot.so.0(io_loop_call_io+0x36) [0x7f993f6148f6] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot /libdovecot.so.0(io_loop_handler_run+0x9f) [0x7f993f61592f] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot.so.0(io_loop_run+0x28) [0x7f993f614898] -> /usr/local/lib/dovecot/libdovecot.so.0(master_service_run+0x13) [0x7f993f601023] -> dovecot/imap(main+0x2a4) [0x419364] -> /lib/libc.s o.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd) [0x7f993f280c8d] -> dovecot/imap() [0x408e89] How can I change the index directory without losing mails? Patrick

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[Dovecot] wrong search results with fts_solr
by Joe Beaubien 19 May '12

19 May '12

I am getting some very weird search results with fts_solr. 1) when I do a search for "testin" I get 0 results. 2) when I do a search for "testing" i get 44 results. The problem is that I am expecting only 1 result. I don't know the solr internal very much, but does anyone have any idea what is going on? Thanks, -Joe Here are the imap commands I used: ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 search text "testin" * SEARCH 3 OK Search completed (0.028 secs). 3 search text "testing" * SEARCH 7785 14324 16469 16470 50762 50763 50764 50846 51070 51071 51072 51073 51074 51075 51076 51077 51078 51079 51080 51081 51082 51658 51659 51660 51661 54525 65368 68422 68727 68728 68729 68730 68731 68732 69431 69432 70784 70785 77533 80954 90705 91731 96932 99285 106932 3 OK Search completed (0.032 secs). Along with the solr logs i see: ------------------------------------------------------------ May 16, 2012 4:27:39 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore execute INFO: [] webapp=/solr path=/select params={fl=uid,score&sort=uid+asc&fq=%2Bbox:dff09003c7fbb34fad2a000070072a68+%2Buser:"formulaire"&q=(hdr:"testin"+OR+body:"testin")&rows=328754} hits=0 status=0 QTime=2 May 16, 2012 4:27:43 PM org.apache.solr.core.SolrCore execute INFO: [] webapp=/solr path=/select params={fl=uid,score&sort=uid+asc&fq=%2Bbox:dff09003c7fbb34fad2a000070072a68+%2Buser:"formulaire"&q=(hdr:"testing"+OR+body:"testing")&rows=328754} hits=45 status=0 QTime=3

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[Dovecot] High level of pop3 popping causing server to become unresponsive
by Root Kev 19 May '12

19 May '12

Hello all, We have put Dovecot 2.1.4 on several of our production servers (CentOS, on Dell R710, with 20GB memory, dual CPU Quad-core). We have a single instance of Dovecot running and currently have several instances of Popa3d. When there are significant amount of popping from 2 mailboxes that dovecot that is popping from (500+ msgs in the mailboxes), the popping of the messages causes the boxes to become unresponsive. We use another application that connects to the Dovecot, downloads 2-10 messages, then processes them, then sends the delete command to Dovecot. When this issue occurs we are unable to become Root, or login again if we close our ssh connection. This only occures when Dovecot is doing the popping. If we only run the older Popa3d, this doesn't occur. We believe it is caused by the way dovecot is authenticating. We are using auth_mechanisms = plain passdb drive = shadow usedb driver = passwd args = blocking=yes If anyone could suggest what could be causing the login issue, we would appreciate any incite to fix it! Thanks, Kevin

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[Dovecot] [PATCH] dovecot-lda with expire plugin segfaults if dict failed
by Lazy 19 May '12

19 May '12

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x00007f1975cccdee in expire_mailbox_transaction_commit (t=<value optimized out>, changes_r=<value optimized out>) at expire-plugin.c:169 169 } else if (strcmp(value, "0") == 0) { (gdb) bt #0 0x00007f1975cccdee in expire_mailbox_transaction_commit (t=<value optimized out>, changes_r=<value optimized out>) at expire-plugin.c:169 #1 0x00007f1975ed9bdf in quota_mailbox_transaction_commit (ctx=0x659ce0, changes_r=0x7fff94908070) at quota-storage.c:94 #2 0x00007f197775dafd in mailbox_transaction_commit_get_changes (_t=<value optimized out>, changes_r=0x7fff94908070) at mail-storage.c:1491 #3 0x00007f197775db3e in mailbox_transaction_commit (t=0x60d330) at mail-storage.c:1474 #4 0x00007f1975885ff7 in act_store_commit (action=<value optimized out>, aenv=0x6523f0, tr_context=0x652588, keep=0x7fff9490812f) at sieve-actions.c:665 #5 0x00007f197587d79b in sieve_result_execute (result=<value optimized out>, keep=<value optimized out>) at sieve-result.c:1156 #6 0x00007f197588dca6 in sieve_execute (sbin=<value optimized out>, msgdata=<value optimized out>, senv=<value optimized out>, ehandler=<value optimized out>, flags=<value optimized out>, keep=0x0) at sieve.c:475 #7 0x00007f1975ac9a43 in lda_sieve_singlescript_execute (mdctx=0x7fff949085a0, storage_r=<value optimized out>) at lda-sieve-plugin.c:433 #8 lda_sieve_run (mdctx=0x7fff949085a0, storage_r=<value optimized out>) at lda-sieve-plugin.c:657 #9 lda_sieve_deliver_mail (mdctx=0x7fff949085a0, storage_r=<value optimized out>) at lda-sieve-plugin.c:796 #10 0x00007f19779df685 in mail_deliver (ctx=0x7fff949085a0, storage_r=0x7fff94908518) at mail-deliver.c:389 #11 0x000000000040349c in main (argc=5, argv=0x60ca30) at main.c:454 this makes the error go away --- dovecot-2.1.5.orig/src/plugins/expire/expire-plugin.c 2012-05-15 14:52:24.004189104 +0200 +++ dovecot-2.1.5/src/plugins/expire/expire-plugin.c 2012-05-15 14:53:03.472187894 +0200 @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ /* first time saving here with expire enabled */ first_save_timestamp(box, &new_stamp); update_dict = TRUE; - } else if (strcmp(value, "0") == 0) { + } else if (ret > 0 && strcmp(value, "0") == 0) { /* we're saving the first mail to this mailbox. ioloop_time may not be exactly the first message's save time, but a few seconds -- Michal Grzedzicki

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[Dovecot] ..::MBOX ISSUE::..
by Alfonso Alejandro Reyes Jimenez 19 May '12

19 May '12

Hi everyone. I have a postfix working with sasl auth and dovecot, everything works fine. I just have 2 issues, the first is that if you add the IMAP mail accounts you can import all the mboxes on the /var/spool/mail/ which we don't want. The second issue is that there's no sent, trash and draft folder, so if we have imap we are not able to store those emails. Basically I would like to know how to fix both but the first one is the most urgent. I thought it was a postfix issue, but it seems not to be. Any ideas? Thanks in advance for your help. Here's the posftix config: [root@mail ~]# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 disable_dns_lookups = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 524288000 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man masquerade_domains = mydomain.com message_size_limit = 5242880 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost mydomain = mydomain.com myhostname = mydomain.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.1.8.27/32, 10.1.8.23/32, 172.16.18.101/32 myorigin = mydomain.com newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic smtp_host_lookup = native,dns smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service ready (NOT WINDOWS JUST A DECOY) smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_path = inet:127.0.0.1:12345 smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_login_maps = pcre:/etc/postfix/sender_login.pcre smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_authenticated_sender_login_mismatch,check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/client_access smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cert/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/cert/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/cert/smtpd.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 And here's the dovecot: Version: [root@mail ~]# dovecot --version 2.0.9 Config: [root@mail ~]# dovecot -n # 2.0.9: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.i686 i686 CentOS release 6.2 (Final) ext4 auth_mechanisms = cram-md5 listen = * log_path = /var/log/dovecot/dovecot.log login_greeting = IMAP ready. mail_location = mbox:/var/spool/mail/:INBOX=/var/spool/mail/%u mail_privileged_group = mail mbox_write_locks = fcntl passdb { driver = pam } passdb { args = scheme=cram-md5 /etc/dovecot/cram-md5.pwd driver = passwd-file } protocols = pop3 service auth { inet_listener { port = 12345 } user = $default_internal_user } service pop3-login { inet_listener pop3 { port = 110 ssl = yes } inet_listener pop3s { port = 995 ssl = yes } } ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd }

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[Dovecot] Authentication with AD and quick mbox question
by Kaya Saman 19 May '12

19 May '12

Hi, I'm attempting to implement Dovecot 2.1.3 built on a FreeBSD 8.2 64 bit system from ports. I had the servicve up and running on a local vbox demo which did a very simple Maildir format sytem which was situated in ~/Maildir. I would now like to expand the system and tie it to a Windows domain. What is the best way to go about doing this? Can Dovecot be directly tied in or do I need to tie the server in to the domain? This is my current dovecot.conf file - which of course I will tweak but as I am currently in the stage of building this is what I have so far: protocols = imap # It's nice to have separate log files for Dovecot. You could do this # by changing syslog configuration also, but this is easier. log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot-info.log # Disable SSL for now. ssl = no disable_plaintext_auth = no # We're using Maildir format #mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir mail_location = mbox:/mail:INBOX=/mail/%u # If you're using POP3, you'll need this: #pop3_uidl_format = %g # Authentication configuration: auth_verbose = yes auth_mechanisms = plain passdb { driver = passwd-file args = /usr/local/etc/dovecot/passwd } userdb { # driver = static # args = uid=root gid=root home=/root/ driver = static args = uid=500 gid=500 home=/ZPOOL_1/%u } Is this correct to use mbox++ format and store under /mail/%u ?? Can anybody give me some advice? Regards, Kaya

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[Dovecot] Migration between namespaces breaks outlook on mac's
by Mark Zealey 19 May '12

19 May '12

Hi there, We're running dovecot 1.1 on one set of servers with a courier-imap-like namespace configuration: namespace private { separator = . prefix = INBOX. inbox = yes } We're now migrating customers onto a dovecot-2 platform, switching from Maildir to sdbox (using dsync mirror) & changing the namespace at the same time. New namespace configuration looks like (as taken from http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Namespaces) # This is for courier-imap namespace compatability namespace { type = private separator = / prefix = inbox = yes } namespace { type = private prefix = INBOX. separator = . inbox = no hidden = yes list = no alias_for = } For 99% of clients this works fine eg thunderbird on first login after migration notices the folder structure has changed & automagically redownloads folders & emails. However I have noticed some really strange messages in the logs which seems to be related to customers running outlook on macos. When they login after migration they are generating commands like: dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dovecot: imap(xxxx): Mailbox created: INBOX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... this goes on a long time and we've not yet found a solution other than delete the imap config on their outlook and reconfigure. Does anyone have any idea why this might be happening, or if there is a way we can somehow have old namespaces for old customers, new namespaces for new customers (we are using sql login code so should be possible to do something like this in theory I think?) Thanks, Mark

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