April 2014 - dovecot - dovecot.org

[Dovecot] lmtp_rcpt_check_quota not working
by Bernhard Schmidt 06 Dec '15

06 Dec '15

Hi, Dovecot 2.2.9 (Debian package from backports) does not seem to respect lmtp_rcpt_check_quota # 2.2.9: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64 x86_64 Debian 7.4 deliver_log_format = from=<%e>, size=%p, message-id=<%m>, status=%$ disable_plaintext_auth = no lmtp_rcpt_check_quota = yes mail_debug = yes mail_gid = mstore mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir:INDEX=/var/cache/dovecot/index/%-1.1u/%u mail_plugins = quota mail_uid = mstore managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex imap4flags copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date ihave mmap_disable = yes namespace inbox { inbox = yes location = mailbox Drafts { auto = subscribe special_use = \Drafts } mailbox Junk { auto = subscribe special_use = \Junk } mailbox Sent { auto = subscribe special_use = \Sent } mailbox "Sent Messages" { special_use = \Sent } mailbox Trash { auto = subscribe special_use = \Trash } prefix = INBOX. separator = . type = private } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-ldap.conf driver = ldap } plugin { quota = maildir quota_rule = ?:storage=512M quota_rule2 = INBOX.Trash:ignore quota_status_nouser = DUNNO quota_status_overquota = 452 4.2.2 Mailbox is full quota_status_success = DUNNO quota_warning = storage=95%% quota-warning 95 %u quota_warning2 = storage=85%% quota-warning 85 %u sieve = ~/currently-active-script.sieve sieve_dir = ~/sieve } pop3_uidl_format = %08Xv%08Xu protocols = imap lmtp sieve pop3 quota_full_tempfail = yes service anvil { client_limit = 3000 unix_listener anvil { group = sudo mode = 0660 } } service auth { client_limit = 3000 unix_listener auth-userdb { group = mstore mode = 0660 user = mstore } } service imap-login { client_limit = 1024 inet_listener imap { port = 143 } inet_listener imaps { port = 993 ssl = yes } process_limit = 2500 process_min_avail = 4 service_count = 0 } service lmtp { inet_listener lmtp { address = xxx port = 24 } } service managesieve-login { inet_listener sieve { port = 2000 } service_count = 1 } service managesieve { process_limit = 1024 } service pop3-login { inet_listener pop3 { port = 110 } inet_listener pop3s { port = 995 ssl = yes } } service quota-status { client_limit = 5 executable = quota-status -p postfix inet_listener { address = xxx port = 12340 } } service quota-warning { executable = script /etc/dovecot/quotawarnmsg.sh unix_listener quota-warning { user = mstore } user = mstore } ssl_cert = </etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = prefetch } userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-ldap.conf driver = ldap } verbose_proctitle = yes protocol imap { mail_plugins = quota imap_quota imap_zlib } protocol lda { mail_plugins = quota sieve } protocol lmtp { mail_plugins = quota sieve } so Dovecot should reject in RCPT TO phase, but according to the logs of the upstream Postfix it does so after END-OF-DATA (host xxx[2001:xxx] said: 452 4.2.2 <user(a)domain.de> Quota exceeded (mailbox for user is full) (in reply to end of DATA command)) I haven't seen any commits regarding to this in 2.2.10 or tip. Regards, Bernhard

3 6

[Dovecot] dsync replication errors
by Oli Schacher 09 Sep '15

09 Sep '15

Hi I'm trying to build a cluster of two servers with dsync replication (based on http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Replication). My test setup works fine for very simple tests, I can log in to both servers, copy a message to one of the servers and it successfully apperars in the other account. But, if I try to copy a large amount of messages at once to one of the accounts, my maillogs get flodded with errors(see below) and the mailboxes seem to get out of sync and messages are duplicated over and over again (I originally copied 100 messages and ended up with thousands in both mailboxes until I killed dovecot) I'd appreciate if someone could have a look at my config and tell me what I did wrong. dovecot.conf of both servers, they are identical except for the target ip in mail_replica: dovecot -n # 2.2.beta1 (070ca24e5846+): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 2.6.32-279.19.1.el6.x86_64 x86_64 CentOS release 6.3 (Final) disable_plaintext_auth = no mail_plugins = " notify replication" namespace { inbox = yes location = prefix = separator = / type = private } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf driver = sql } plugin { mail_replica = remote:vmail@192.168.23.62 } protocols = pop3 imap service aggregator { fifo_listener replication-notify-fifo { user = vmail } unix_listener replication-notify { user = vmail } } service auth { unix_listener auth-master { group = vmail mode = 0660 user = vmail } user = root } service replicator { process_min_avail = 1 } ssl = no userdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf driver = sql } Log on server1 after I copied 100 messages to an account on that server: Jan 31 10:41:04 doco1 dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<user1>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.23.130, lip=192.168.23.61, mpid=1432, session=<OdjlbJLUmwDAqBeC> Jan 31 10:42:12 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=72, file=1359625327.M621257P1432.doco1,S=2472,W=2547:2,) Jan 31 10:42:12 doco1 dovecot: dsync-local(user1): Error: Recent flags state corrupted for mailbox INBOX Jan 31 10:42:12 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=73, file=1359625327.M740847P1432.doco1,S=2417,W=2492:2,) Jan 31 10:42:12 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=74, file=1359625328.M206735P1432.doco1,S=2400,W=2474:2,) Jan 31 10:42:12 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=75, file=1359625328.M668118P1432.doco1,S=2421,W=2496:2,) Jan 31 10:42:12 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=76, file=1359625329.M167578P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559:2,) Jan 31 10:42:13 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=77, file=1359625329.M520528P1432.doco1,S=2525,W=2604:2,) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 132: 1359625329.M520528P1432.doco1,S=2525,W=2604 (uid 77 -> 133) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 133: 1359625327.M621257P1432.doco1,S=2472,W=2547 (uid 72 -> 134) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 134: 1359625327.M740847P1432.doco1,S=2417,W=2492 (uid 73 -> 135) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 135: 1359625328.M206735P1432.doco1,S=2400,W=2474 (uid 74 -> 136) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 136: 1359625328.M668118P1432.doco1,S=2421,W=2496 (uid 75 -> 137) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 137: 1359625329.M167578P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559 (uid 76 -> 138) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 139: 1359625329.M782065P1432.doco1,S=2461,W=2539 (uid 78 -> 140) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 140: 1359625329.M973834P1432.doco1,S=2523,W=2602 (uid 79 -> 141) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 141: 1359625330.M114922P1432.doco1,S=2546,W=2626 (uid 80 -> 142) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 142: 1359625330.M255922P1432.doco1,S=2467,W=2546 (uid 81 -> 143) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 143: 1359625330.M403257P1432.doco1,S=2534,W=2611 (uid 82 -> 144) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 144: 1359625330.M486295P1432.doco1,S=2451,W=2529 (uid 83 -> 145) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Unexpected GUID mismatch for UID=85: 1359625327.M740847P1432.doco1,S=2417,W=2492 != 2e1b1ee97994566870c02910ea929091 Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625329.M167578P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559 (UID=175) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625329.M167578P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559 (UID=150) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625329.M520528P1432.doco1,S=2525,W=2604 (UID=176) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625329.M520528P1432.doco1,S=2525,W=2604 (UID=179) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625327.M740847P1432.doco1,S=2417,W=2492 (UID=123) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625327.M740847P1432.doco1,S=2417,W=2492 (UID=147) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625328.M668118P1432.doco1,S=2421,W=2496 (UID=174) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625328.M668118P1432.doco1,S=2421,W=2496 (UID=149) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625328.M206735P1432.doco1,S=2400,W=2474 (UID=173) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625328.M206735P1432.doco1,S=2400,W=2474 (UID=148) Jan 31 10:42:16 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Importing mailbox INBOX failed Jan 31 10:42:16 doco1 dovecot: dsync-local(user1): Error: read(vmail(a)192.168.23.62) failed: EOF Jan 31 10:42:16 doco1 dovecot: dsync-local(user1): Error: Remote command returned error 75 Jan 31 10:42:20 doco1 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Error: Mailbox INBOX: Remote didn't send mail GUID=1359625329.M167578P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559 (UID=230) [...] Log on server2: Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 132: 1359625329.M520528P1432.doco1,S=2525,W=2604 (uid 77 -> 133) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 133: 1359625327.M621257P1432.doco1,S=2472,W=2547 (uid 72 -> 134) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 134: 1359625327.M740847P1432.doco1,S=2417,W=2492 (uid 73 -> 135) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 135: 1359625328.M206735P1432.doco1,S=2400,W=2474 (uid 74 -> 136) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 136: 1359625328.M668118P1432.doco1,S=2421,W=2496 (uid 75 -> 137) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 137: 1359625329.M167578P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559 (uid 76 -> 138) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 139: 1359625329.M782065P1432.doco1,S=2461,W=2539 (uid 78 -> 140) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 140: 1359625329.M973834P1432.doco1,S=2523,W=2602 (uid 79 -> 141) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 141: 1359625330.M114922P1432.doco1,S=2546,W=2626 (uid 80 -> 142) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 142: 1359625330.M255922P1432.doco1,S=2467,W=2546 (uid 81 -> 143) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 143: 1359625330.M403257P1432.doco1,S=2534,W=2611 (uid 82 -> 144) Jan 31 10:42:14 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: /mailstore/user1/maildir/dovecot-uidlist: Duplicate file entry at line 144: 1359625330.M486295P1432.doco1,S=2451,W=2529 (uid 83 -> 145) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=84, file=1359625330.M608391P1432.doco1,S=2480,W=2559:2,) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=85, file=1359625330.M813949P1432.doco1,S=2427,W=2502:2,) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=86, file=1359625331.M217320P1432.doco1,S=2547,W=2625:2,) Jan 31 10:42:15 doco2 dovecot: doveadm: Error: dsync-remote(user1): Warning: Maildir /mailstore/user1/maildir: Expunged message reappeared, giving a new UID (old uid=87, file=1359625331.M688431P1432.doco1,S=2529,W=2609:2,) [...] Thanks Oli -- message transmitted on 100% recycled electrons

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[Dovecot] Dovecot FTS using ElasticSearch
by Darvin Denmian 21 Jul '15

21 Jul '15

Hi, I would like to know if is possible to use ElasticSearch instead of Solr for FTS. Regards, Erick Vitor de Barros.

6 6

[Dovecot] imapc - different settings for different namespaces
by Timo Sirainen 20 Mar '15

20 Mar '15

Originally I was planning on allowing all kinds of mail settings inside namespace {}, including imapc_* settings. But that's a bit difficult to implement (although I think it will happen some day). So for now I was thinking: imapc foo { host = imap.foo.com master_user = foomaster password = foopass } imapc bar { host = imap.bar.com ... } namespace { prefix = foo/ location = imapc:foo } namespace { prefix = bar/ location = imapc:bar } So basically if the path after imapc isn't absolute (/path or ~/path), then treat the path as the imapc section name and use its settings. Anyone have any improvement suggestions? I was planning on adding this to v2.2.3. I'm not sure if the section names should be "imapc" or something else (e.g. imap_remote {}).

2 2

[Dovecot] Sieve vacation not working
by Phill Edwards 24 Feb '15

24 Feb '15

I've been trying all night to get vacation working in my .dovecot.sieve file. The way our email works is we have one account on dovecot which serves my mail and my wife's and we use procmail and sieve to put the emails in different folders depending on who it's for. I'm trying to set up a vacation reply on my wife's email address (aaaaaaaa@optus* below) so people can update to her new address. Here's my file with the email addresses masked: require ["fileinto", "vacation"]; if address :is "to" "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx(a)ozemail.com.au" { fileinto "Phill_OzEmail_Folder"; stop; } elsif address :is "to" "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy(a)optusnet.com.au" { fileinto "Phill_Optus_Folder"; stop; } elsif address :matches "to" "aaaaaaaa@optus*" { vacation "Please update my email address to bbbbbbbbb(a)exemail.com.au"; fileinto "Sarah_Optus_Folder"; stop; } else { keep; stop; } The problem I'm having is that no auto-replies are sent. I removed .dovecot.lda-dupes and that didn't help; so then I touched it and now it's a 0 byte file and that didn't help. There is no dovecot.sieve.err file and I can't see anything in /var/log/dovecot.log which gives any message about why this wouldn't work. The emails to aaaaaaa@optus* get filed into the right folder so I know the matching is working. I've also tried a reject recipe and that worked fine, so I know that it can send an email if it chooses to. So it's a complete black box mystery as to why it just won't send a reply. Regards, Phill

5 9

[Dovecot] Disk Encryption
by Simon Brereton 17 Oct '14

17 Oct '14

Hi As I understand it email headers need to be unencrypted (otherwise DKIM doesn't work). From the MUA to either Postfix, or Dovecot the connection is (or can/should be) secured with TLS/SSL. What I would like to know is if it is possible to encrypt the mailstore? Postfix is using Dovecot for delivery so it's only Dovecot that would need to encrypt/decrypt the mailstore. Is this possible? Is there a terrible reason to do it even if it is possible? I realise that from MTA to MTA there's no guarantee of encryption (and in fact it's very unlikely unless keys have been exchanged), but my primary goal is supplement the physical security of the mail store of mails we already have or have sent. Mostly just idle curiosity as to what has been done, or what could be done. What is worth doing is a separate thread entirely. Thanks. Simon

11 28

[Dovecot] mdbox-files over 2 MB
by Hardy Flor 01 Oct '14

01 Oct '14

Hello, I received an e-mail, this includes 9 forwarding, each with a file. These files are not removed from the e-mail and stored in the attachments-directory, although they are larger than 16 KB. For all files the "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" is set. The email is stored in completely in "m.00000034" ------------------------------------- doveconf: # 2.2.12: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64 x86_64 Debian 7.4 ext4 mail_attachment_dir = /var/mail/attachments mail_attachment_hash = %{md5} mail_attachment_min_size = 16 k mail_location = mdbox:/var/mail/user/%n mdbox_rotate_interval = 1 weeks mdbox_rotate_size = 2 M ------------------------------------- directory: root@xxx:/var/mail/user/xxx/storage# ls -al ... -rw------- 1 vmail mail 14433784 Mär 16 13:51 m.00000034 ...

6 8

[Dovecot] Converting old emails to compressed format
by Renaud Allard 02 Aug '14

02 Aug '14

Hello, I know this question has already been asked, but I would really like a solution here as I tried all I could find on the wiki or mail archives I am now running dovecot 2.2.12 Compression works fine for new mails, so zlib works Mails are currently stored using dbox So I tried for testing dsync -D -v mirror -u user -m Archives dbox:~/temp dsync -o "plugin/zlib_save=xz" -D -v mirror -u user -m Archives dbox:~/temp dsync -o "plugin/zlib_save=" -D -v mirror -u user -m Archives dbox:~/temp dsync -o "plugin/zlib_save=" -D -v mirror -u user -m Archives maildir:~/temp dsync -o "plugin/zlib_save=xz" -D -v mirror -u user -m Archives maildir:~/temp And also converting again those maildir messages to dbox (just in case it wouldn't work from dbox format) And also with backup instead of mirror None of this actually works, mails are indeed copied, but not compressed So I am wondering if there is a way to compress those mails? Thank you

5 8

[Dovecot] dovecot: disable ssl compression
by Andreas Schulze 04 Jul '14

04 Jul '14

Hello, Our "it-security" department asked me about Qualys warnings like -> SSL/TLS Compression Algorithm Information Leakage Vulnerability As far as I learned it's compression inside ssl. postfix-2.11 knows 'tls_ssl_options = no_compression' ( see http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#tls_ssl_options ) is the something comparable in dovecot too? Looks like most extensions in ssl exist only to be disabled :-/ Thanks Andreas

7 15

[Dovecot] zlib maildir reindex broken
by Richard Platel 03 Jul '14

03 Jul '14

I posted to the list about this a while ago but never got a response, I have a bit more information now. Dovecot 2.2.12 and other 2.2 versions are broken when using zlib and maildir. If messages are re-indexed, the INTERNALDATE of all messages is set to the time the re-index is done. The problem seems to be in src/plugins/zlib/zlib-plugin.c in the function zlib_mail_cache_open. During a reindex maildir_mail_get_received_date() does an i_stream_stat on the the i_stream_seekable stream created in zlib_mail_cache_open, but this istream does not know about the original maildir message file and always returns the current time for the file's stat times. This is also broken on initial index, but if mail is indexed when it's received (ours isn't) it coincidentally gets the right time.

4 3