- dovecot - dovecot.org

[Dovecot] directly addressable public folders issues
by Tom Fernandes 04 Mar '12

04 Mar '12

Hi, I would like to have an address info(a)example.com whose mails are stored in a public folder. I also want certain users to be able to create sieve-filter-rules and subfolders. From what I understand it's a good idea to have a separate location for home and for mail_location. For my normal accounts I have: home = /var/vmail/<user> mail_location = ~/Maildir Is there a way to have the same for public folders? This are my current settings: namespace public { separator = / prefix = public/ location = maildir:/var/vmail/public subscriptions = no } user_attrs = homeDirectory=home=/var/vmail/%$, =mail=maildir:~/Maildir The LDAP-homeDirectory-attribute for info(a)example.com is "public/.info" Like this an incoming mail is stored below /var/vmail/public/.info/Maildir which is good. The MUA seems to read to read from /var/vmail/public/.info though. How can I make the MUA read from /var/vmail/public/.info/Maildir instead? And in case this works - is it possible to have only certain users modify the sieve-rule for this public folder or do I definitely need a passdb-entry for info(a)example.com? Modifying scripts via commandline is not an option... I'm using dovecot 1.2. regards, Tom Fernandes

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[Dovecot] Dovecot clustering with dsync-based replication
by Timo Sirainen 03 Mar '12

03 Mar '12

This document describes a design for a dsync-replicated Dovecot cluster. This design can be used to build at least two different types of dsync clusters, which are both described here. Ville has also drawn overview pictures of these two setups, see http://www.dovecot.org/img/dsync-director-replication.png and http://www.dovecot.org/img/dsync-director-replication-ssh.png First of all, why dsync replication instead of block level filesystem replication? - dsync won't replicate filesystem corruption. - A cold restart of replication won't go through all of the data in the disks, but instead quickly finds out what has changed. - Split brain won't result in downtime or losing any data. If both sides did changes, the changes are merged without data loss. - If using more than 2 storages, the users' replicas can be divided among the other storages. So if one storage goes down, the extra load is shared by all the other storages, not just one. Replication mail plugin ----------------------- This is a simple plugin based on notify plugin. It listens for all changes that happen to mailboxes (new mails, flag changes, etc.) Once it sees a change, it sends an asynchronous (username, priority) notification to replication-notify-fifo. The priority can be either high (new mails) or low (everything else). Optionally the replication plugin can also support synchronous replication of new mail deliveries. In this way it connects to replication-notify UNIX socket, tells it to replicate the user with sync (=highest) priority and waits until it is done or replication_sync_timeout occurs. The IMAP/LMTP client won't see an "OK" reply until the mail is replicated (or the replication has failed). The synchronous replication probably adds a noticeable delay, so it might not be acceptable for IMAP, but might be for LMTP. So, what is listening in those replication-notify* sockets? It depends on if Dovecot is running on director-based setup or not. Aggregator ---------- When running in Dovecot director-based setup, all of the Dovecot backends (where replication plugin runs) also run "aggregator" process. Its job is very simple: It proxies the notifications from mail plugin and sends them via a single TCP connection to the replicator process running in Dovecot proxies. This is simply an optimization to avoid tons of short lived TCP connections directly from replication plugin to director server. When not running in Dovecot director setup (i.e. there is only a single Dovecot instance that handles all of the users), there is no point in having an aggregator proxy, because the replicator process is running on the same server. In this kind of setup the replicator process directly listens on the replication-notify* sockets. Replicator ---------- The initial design for replicator isn't very complex either: It keeps a priority queue of all users, and replicates those users at the top of the queue. Notifications about changes to user's mailboxes (may) move the user up in the priority queue. If the user at the top of the queue already has been replicated "recently enough", the replicator stops its work until new changes arrive or the "recently enough" is no longer that. dsync can do two types of syncs: quick syncs and full syncs. A quick sync trusts indexes and does the replication with the least amount of work and network traffic. A quick sync is normally enough to replicate all changes, but just in case something has gone wrong there's also the full sync option, which guarantees that the mailboxes end up being fully synced. A full sync is slower though, and uses more network traffic. The priority queue is sorted by: 1. Priority (updated by a notification from replication plugin) 2. If priority!=none: Last fast sync (those users are replicated first whose last replication time is oldest) 2. If priority=none: Last full sync (these users should already be fully synced, but do a full sync for them once in a while anyway) All users get added to the replication queue at replicator startup with "none" priority. The list of users is looked up via userdb iteration. If the previous replication state is found from a disk dump, it's used to update the priorities, last_*_sync timestamps and other replication state. Replicator process creates such dumps periodically [todo: every few mins? maybe a setting?]. Replicator starts replicating users at the top of the queue, setting their priorities to "none" before starting. This means that if another change notification arrives during replication, the priority is bumped up and no changes get lost. replication_max_conns setting specifies how many users are replicated simultaneously. If the user's last_full_sync is older than replication_full_sync_interval setting, a full sync is done instead of a fast sync. If the user at the top of the queue has "none" priority and the last_full_sync is newer than replication_full_sync_interval, the replication stops. [todo: it would be nice to prefer doing all the full syncs at night when there's hopefully less disk I/O] (A global replication_max_conns setting isn't optimal in proxy-based setup, where different backend servers are doing the replication. There it should maybe be a per-backend setting. Then again, it doesn't account for the replica servers that also need to do replication work. Also to properly handle this each backend should have its own replication queue, but this requires doing a userdb lookup for each user to find out their replication server, and this would need to be done periodically in case the backend changes, which can easily happen often with director-based setup. So all in all, none of this is being done in the initial implementation. Ideally the users are distributed in a way that a global replication queue would work well enough.) In director-based setup each director runs a replicator server, but only one of them (master) actually asks the backends to do the replication. The rest of them just keep track of what's happening, and if the master dies or hangs, one of the others becomes the new master. The server with lowest IP address is always the master. The replicators are connected to a ring like the directors, using the same director_servers setting. The communication between them is simply about notifications of what's happening to users' priorities. Preferably the aggregators would always connect to the master server, but this isn't required. In general there's not much that can go wrong, since it's not a problem if two replicators request a backend to start replication for the same user or if the replication queue states aren't identical. If the replication is running too slowly [todo: means what exactly?], log a warning and send an email to admin. So, how does the actual replication happen? Replicator connects to doveadm server and sends a "sync -u user@domain" command. In director-based setup the doveadm server redirects this command to the proper backend. doveadm sync ------------ This is an independent feature from all of the above. Even with none of it implemented, you could run this to replicate a user. Most of this is already implemented. The only problem is that currently you need to explicitly tell it where to sync. So, when the destination isn't specified, it could do a userdb lookup and use the returned "mail_replica" field as the destination. Multiple (sequentially replicated) destinations could be supported by returning "mail_replica2", "mail_replica3" etc. field. In NFS-based (or shared filesystem-based in general) setup the mail_replica setting is identical to mail_location setting. So your primary mail_location would be in /storage1/user/Maildir, while the secondary mail_replica would be in /storage2/user/Maildir. Simple. In non-NFS-based setup two Dovecot servers talk dsync protocol to each others. Currently dsync already supports SSH-based connections. It would also be easy to implement direct TCP-based connections between two doveadm servers. In future these connections could be SSL-encrypted. Initially I'm only supporting SSH-based connections, as they're already implemented. So what does the mail_replica setting look like in this kind of a setup? I'm not entirely sure. I'm thinking that it could be either "ssh:host" or "ssh:user@host", where user is the SSH login user (this is opposite of the current doveadm sync command line usage). In future then it could support also tcp:host[:port]. Both of these ssh: and tcp: prefixes would also be supported by doveadm sync command line usage (and perhaps the prefixless user@domain be deprecated). dsync can run without any long lived locking and it typically works fine. In case mailbox was modified during dsync, the replicas may not end up being identical, but nothing breaks. dsync currently usually notices this and logs a warning. When these conflicting changes was caused by imap/pop3/lda/etc. this isn't a problem, they've already notified replicator already to perform another sync that will fix it. Running two dsyncs at the same time is more problematic though, mainly related to new emails. Both dsyncs notice that mail X needs to be replicated, so both save it and it results in having a duplicate. To avoid this, there should be a dsync-lock. If this lock exists, dsync should wait until the previous dsync is done and then do it again, just in case there were more changes since the previous sync started. This should conclude everything needed for replication itself. High-availability NFS setup --------------------------- Once you have replication, it's of course nice if the system automatically recovers from a broken storage. In NFS-based setups the idea is to do soft mounts, so if the NFS server goes away things start failing with EIO errors, which Dovecot notices and switches to using the secondary storage(s). In v2.1.0 Dovecot already keeps track of mounted filesystems. Initially they're all marked as "online". When multiple I/O errors occur in a filesystem [todo: how many exactly? where are these errors checked, all around in the code or checking the log?] the mountpoint is marked as "offline" and the connections accessing that storage are killed [todo: again how exactly?]. Another job for replication plugin is to hook into namespace creation. If mail_location points to a mountpoint marked as "offline", it's replaced with mail_replica. This way the user can access mails from the secondary storage without downtime. If the replica isn't fully up to date, this means that some of the mails (or other changes) may temporarily be lost. These will come back again after the original storage has come back up and replication has finished its job. So as long as mails aren't lost in the original storage, there won't be any permanent mail loss. When an offline storage comes back online, its mountpoint's status is initially changed to "failover" (as opposed to "online"). During this state the replication plugin works a bit differently when the user's primary mail_location is in this storage: It first checks if the user is fully replicated, and if so uses the primary storage, otherwise it uses the replica storage. Long running IMAP protocesses check the replication state periodically and kill themselves once the user is replicated, to move back to primary storage. Once replicator notices that all users have been replicated, it tells the backends' to change the "failover" state to "online" (via doveadm server). High-availability non-NFS setup ------------------------------- One possibility is to use Dovecot proxies, which know which servers are down. Instead of directing users to those servers, it would direct them to replica servers. The server states could be handled similar to NFS setup's online vs. failover vs. offline states. Another possibility would be to do the same as above, except without separate proxy servers. Just make "mail.example.com" DNS point to two IP addresses, and if one Dovecot notices that it's not the user's primary server, it proxies to the secondary server, unless it's down. If one IP is down, clients hopefully connect to the other.

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[Dovecot] keywords/flags questions
by Arnaud Abélard 03 Mar '12

03 Mar '12

Hello, I am currently using dovecot 2.0.13 and I have been working on keywords handling our webmail and I have a few questions about how dovecot handles them. First, if I am not mistaken keywords neeed to be UTF-7 encoded. That means I need to encode special caracters using values between & and - chars. UTF-7 encoding is case sensitive, &AOA- isn't the same chars as &aoa-. But docevot save keywords in lowercase or am I mistaken? For example: . STORE 1:1 flags &AOA-_refaire * 1 FETCH (FLAGS (&aoa-_refaire)) This makes retrieving the keyword properly impossible. What did I miss? My other question is about the permanent flags being displayed upon selecting a mailbox. I'm trying to understand why unused keywords are still showing up in there. Is there a way to force the definitive removal of a keyword from a mailbox? are old keywords kept undefinitely? Thanks in advance, Arnaud -- Arnaud Abélard jabber: arnaud.abelard(a)univ-nantes.fr / twitter: ArnY Administrateur Système DSI Université de Nantes -

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[Dovecot] Desperately need help ! a default dovecot.conf and/or Ubuntu 11.10 postfix/dovecot server configuration issue!
by D Chen 03 Mar '12

03 Mar '12

When ungraded from Ubuntu 11.04 to 11.10, dovecot can't start successfully with lots of errors i.e. "dovecot: doveconf: Warning: ... 'imaps' protocol is no longer necessary, remove it"... At any rate, I want to setup a postfix(MTA)/dovecot(MDA) servers on Ubuntu 11.10, by following the Postfix installation and configuration instruction in Ubuntu Serverguide, in "1.4 Configuring SASL" section on page 190, after run "sudo apt-get install dovecot-common", it requires to edit the section of "auth default" and the "socket listen" option...,in the /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf file, BUT my /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf (only about 4k byes) CAN'T find the "auth default" "socket listen" ! I also checked into the /usr/share/doc/dovecot-common/dovecot/example-config, there is a dovecot.conf, it's also about 4k size, and there is no such "auth default" or "socket listen" words can be found ! where is the default dovecot.conf file I can get a copy ? BTW, there is the dovecot.conf.ucf file (what is this for?) which's about 50k and has the "auth default" and "socket listen" words there ! what is supposed the size for the /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf ? i'm confused! Thx.

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[Dovecot] fts size
by Jan-Frode Myklebust 02 Mar '12

02 Mar '12

Does anybody have any numbers for how large storage one will need for the fts indexing server? I see the wiki says 30% of mailbox size for Squat (partial=4 full=4). Is it similar for lucene/solr? Do I understand correctly if I think http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Plugins/FTS/Lucene will create an index for each user in his home directory? Will this be accounted for in the users' quota? -jf

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[Dovecot] Thanks, was Re: need simpler instructions for user authentication
by David Benfell 02 Mar '12

02 Mar '12

Thanks to everyone who responded to my request. And I apologize that this message isn't properly threaded. I'm in trouble whenever I have to send mail from my gmail account because I automatically pull it down into the same place from which I send my regular mail (from benfell(a)parts-unknown.org ) and I haven't configured that to deal with the gmail account. That makes it difficult to reply properly to mail on this list which I have subscribed to with the gmail account so that I'd actually receive it even when I'm having problems with my main mail system. Timo Sirainen <tss(a)iki.fi> responded that I needed a userdb and offered that I should probably add the following to dovecot.conf : userdb { driver = passwd } As near as I can tell--and it's been over a day now--that solved the problem. Thanks!

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[Dovecot] 2.1.1: subscriptions: Removing invalid entry
by Ralf Hildebrandt 01 Mar '12

01 Mar '12

Admittedly, it's not a valid folder name and dovecot is right in removing it: Feb 28 17:50:05 postamt dovecot: imap(kbaessle): Warning: Subscriptions file /home/k/b/kbaessle/Maildir/subscriptions: Removing invalid entry: Entw�rfe ...but when looking at the subscription file AFTER the removal, that file contained an empty line. I don't think that's correct. -- Ralf Hildebrandt Geschäftsbereich IT | Abteilung Netzwerk Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Hindenburgdamm 30 | D-12203 Berlin Tel. +49 30 450 570 155 | Fax: +49 30 450 570 962 ralf.hildebrandt(a)charite.de | http://www.charite.de

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[Dovecot] need simpler directions on user authentication
by David Benfell 01 Mar '12

01 Mar '12

Hi all, My situation is this: I have postfix running on a Linode under Arch Linux. A recent upgrade to dovecot broke the configuration. Now I get "Couldn't drop privileges: User is missing UID (see mail_uid setting)." I do not want virtual users. I do not particularly want SQL or LDAP. I do have multiple domains. I do use Maildir. I already have SSL certificates for the server which I did manage to get dovecot to quit complaining about. The documentation is driving me nuts. It keeps telling me about stuff I think I don't need. And I can't tell what I actually *do* need. All I want is for system users, including myself, to be able to get their mail. How do I do this? Thank you! David Benfell dbenfell(a)gmail.com

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[Dovecot] need simpler instructions for user authentication
by David Benfell 01 Mar '12

01 Mar '12

Hi all, My situation is this: I have postfix running on a Linode under Arch Linux. A recent upgrade to dovecot broke the configuration. Now I get "Couldn't drop privileges: User is missing UID (see mail_uid setting)." I do not want virtual users. I do not particularly want SQL or LDAP. I do have multiple domains. I do use Maildir. I already have SSL certificates for the server which I did manage to get dovecot to quit complaining about. The documentation is driving me nuts. It keeps telling me about stuff I think I don't need. And I can't tell what I actually *do* need. All I want is for system users, including myself, to be able to get their mail. How do I do this? Thank you! David Benfell dbenfell(a)gmail.com

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[Dovecot] Permission problems
by David Renstrom 01 Mar '12

01 Mar '12

Hi, I've set up a Postfix and Dovecot (only IMAP) combination using MySQL and Postfixadmin on Fedora. Almost everything works correctly now. The only thing bugging me right now is that I always have to change the access privileges of the directories in /var/run/dovecot/ manually to 777 to make it work. As you understand, I'm not particularly happy about this as it doesn't feel secure at all. And I also have to do this every time I reboot since Dovecot resets the old access priviliges (600). As you see I've got a vmail user who belongs to the mail group. Almost all directories under /var/run/dovecot belong to user root and group root. They all have the permissions rw--------. Below is some output from the log file dovecot.log: Mar 01 03:31:17 auth: Fatal: net_connect_unix(auth-worker) in directory /run/dovecot failed: Permission denied (euid=101(vmail) egid=12(mail) missing +r perm: /run/dovecot/auth-worker, dir owned by 0:97 mode=0755) Mar 01 03:31:17 master: Error: service(auth): command startup failed, throttling Mar 01 03:31:46 imap-login: Info: Disconnected (auth failed, 1 attempts): method=PLAIN, rip=94.254.99.6, lip=91.123.204.174 What is wrong here and how can I correct it? Thanks in advance! /David R.

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